Table 1.
Patient demographics, personal circumstances, clinical characteristics, and current treatment
| Overall (N = 722) |
No “OFF” episodes (n = 401) |
“OFF” episodes (n = 321) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, ya | ||||
| N | 722 | 401 | 321 | 0.253b |
| Mean (SD) | 67.3 (11.6) | 67.7 (10.5) | 66.7 (12.7) | |
| Min, max | 26, 90 | 26, 90 | 37, 90 | |
| Sex | ||||
| N | 722 | 401 | 321 | 0.202c |
| Male | 447 (61.9) | 240 (59.9) | 207 (64.5) | |
| Female | 275 (38.1) | 161 (40.1) | 114 (35.5) | |
| Employment status | ||||
| N | 711 | 394 | 317 | 0.008c |
| Works full-time | 118 (16.6) | 78 (19.8) | 40 (12.6) | |
| Works part-time | 90 (12.7) | 38 (9.6) | 52 (16.4) | |
| Long-term sick leave | 4 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) | |
| Homemaker | 64 (9.0) | 42 (10.7) | 22 (6.9) | |
| Student | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | |
| Retired | 410 (57.7) | 221 (56.1) | 189 (59.6) | |
| Unemployed | 24 (3.4) | 12 (3.0) | 12 (3.8) | |
| Long-term sick leave/retired/unemployed due to PD | ||||
| N | 387 | 212 | 175 | < 0.001c |
| Yes | 70 (18.1) | 27 (12.7) | 43 (24.6) | |
| No | 317 (81.9) | 185 (87.3) | 132 (75.4) | |
| Living situation | ||||
| N | 708 | 394 | 314 | 0.001c |
| Alone | 63 (8.9) | 46 (11.7) | 17 (5.4) | |
| With spouse/partner | 568 (80.2) | 318 (80.7) | 250 (79.6) | |
| With other family | 58 (8.2) | 22 (5.6) | 36 (11.5) | |
| With friends | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | |
| Long-term care facility | 14 (2.0) | 5 (1.3) | 9 (2.9) | |
| Sheltered housing | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 | |
| Other | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | |
| Current Hoehn and Yahr score | ||||
| N | 722 | 401 | 321 | < 0.001c |
| 1 | 59 (8.2) | 54 (13.5) | 5 (1.6) | |
| 1.5 | 87 (12.0) | 73 (18.2) | 14 (4.4) | |
| 2 | 101 (14.0) | 73 (18.2) | 28 (8.7) | |
| 2.5 | 152 (21.1) | 74 (18.5) | 78 (24.3) | |
| 3 | 231 (32.0) | 104 (25.9) | 127 (39.6) | |
| 4 | 83 (11.5) | 21 (5.2) | 62 (19.3) | |
| 5 | 9 (1.2) | 2 (0.5) | 7 (2.2) | |
| Age at PD diagnosis, y | ||||
| N | 555 | 319 | 236 | < 0.001b |
| Mean (SD) | 61.2 (11.4) | 62.9 (10.4) | 58.9 (12.3) | |
| Min, max | 24.6, 88.0 | 24.6, 88.0 | 29.8, 84.3 | |
| Time since PD diagnosis, y | ||||
| N | 555 | 319 | 236 | < 0.001b |
| Mean (SD) | 4.5 (3.6) | 3.6 (3.1) | 5.9 (3.9) | |
| Min, max | 0.0, 20.9 | 0.0, 17.6 | 0.0, 20.9 | |
| Current prescribed treatment classes | ||||
| N | 722 | 401 | 321 | |
| Carbidopa/levodopa | 722 (100.0) | 401 (100.0) | 321 (100.0) | 1.000c |
| COMT inhibitor | 119 (16.5) | 48 (12.0) | 71 (22.1) | < 0.001c |
| Dopamine agonist | 177 (24.5) | 73 (18.2) | 104 (32.4) | < 0.001c |
| MAO-B inhibitor | 118 (16.3) | 50 (12.5) | 68 (21.2) | 0.002c |
| NMDA receptor antagonist | 90 (12.5) | 24 (6.0) | 66 (20.6) | < 0.001c |
| Device-aided treatment | 37 (5.1) | 11 (2.7) | 26 (8.1) | 0.001c |
| Other | 20 (2.8) | 7 (1.7) | 13 (4.0) | 0.061c |
| Number of prescribed treatment classes | ||||
| N | 722 | 401 | 321 | |
| Mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.7) | 2.1 (1.1) | < 0.001b |
| Min, Max | 1.0, 7.0 | 1.0, 4.0 | 1.0, 7.0 | |
| Levodopa equivalent daily dose | ||||
| N | 698 | 385 | 313 | < 0.001c |
| 1–499 mg | 468 (67.0) | 282 (73.2) | 186 (59.4) | |
| 500–999 mg | 187 (26.8) | 84 (21.8) | 103 (32.9) | |
| 1000+ mg | 43 (6.2) | 19 (4.9) | 24 (7.7) | |
Data are reported as n (%) unless specified otherwise
aPatients reported to be aged ≥90 years of age were assumed to be 90 years of age in this analysis. bP values were calculated by t-tests. cP values were calculated by Fisher’s exact/χ2 tests
COMT catechol-O-methyl transferase; MAOB monoamine oxidase type B; NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate; PD Parkinson’s disease; SD standard deviation