Figure 7.

Modulation of size and charge parameters of rat serum albumin (RSA) upon carbamylation. Evaluation of size by SDS-PAGE showed a minor increase (A), while that by an isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel showed an increase in albumin’s negative charge with carbamylation (B). Further characterization of size and diameter was done using dynamic light scattering (DLS), which showed an increase in mean diameter of carbamylated albumins (C). Measurement of surface charge or zeta potential in a folded capillary cell (DTS1060) clearly showed a dose-dependent increase in negative charge for carbamylated albumins at both pH 6 and 7.4 (D). Zetasizer and zeta potential measurements were recorded on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (PBIF, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN). Data from a minimum of three assays were combined for DLS, and zeta potential was performed in triplicate, with means ± SD shown.