Figure 2.

Summary of findings from studies of rodent models of greater large artery stiffness and brain-related outcomes. Rodent models of greater large artery stiffness include transgenic mice (Eln and Fbn1) and induced carotid calcification in mice. In these models, the greater large artery stiffness results in greater cerebral oxidative stress and inflammation, cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction, impaired cerebral blood flow, and neurodegeneration. Increased large artery stiffness also leads to cognitive impairment in mice, and it is assumed that this cognitive impairment results in the cerebral vascular and cellular changes. Created with Biorender with permission.