Figure 3.

A: toxicity of air, POG, vanilla custard (VC), and Apple Jax (APJ) e-liquid vapor extracts at 0.75 puffs/mL, for 48 h in HL1 cells using flow cytometry and annexin V staining. n = 3 in each condition. #P < 0.05 and *P < 0.01 vs. air; **P < 0.01 vs. POG, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni correction). B: GC-MS chromatograms of vanilla custard (VC), Apple Jax (APJ), and POG. Propylene glycol, glycerin, and nicotine peaks are evident in addition to flavorings peaks corresponding to aldehyde products such as cinnamaldehyde, vanillin, and ethyl vanillin (black arrows). The list of identified constituents is in Table 2.