Table 1.
Socio-economic profile of older adults in India
| Variables | Rural | Urban | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Percentage | Sample | Percentage | |
| Smoking tobacco | ||||
| No | 4128 | 83.5 | 3980 | 88.3 |
| Yes | 816 | 16.5 | 529 | 11.7 |
| Chewing tobacco | ||||
| No | 3772 | 76.3 | 3788 | 84.0 |
| Yes | 1172 | 23.7 | 721 | 16.0 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 4552 | 92.1 | 4207 | 93.3 |
| Yes | 392 | 7.9 | 302 | 6.7 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 60–69 | 2954 | 59.7 | 3035 | 67.3 |
| 70–79 | 1429 | 28.9 | 1053 | 23.4 |
| 80+ | 562 | 11.4 | 421 | 9.3 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | 2366 | 47.9 | 2077 | 46.1 |
| Women | 2578 | 52.1 | 2432 | 53.9 |
| Education | ||||
| No education | 2858 | 57.8 | 1443 | 32.0 |
| Below 5 years | 1026 | 20.8 | 892 | 19.8 |
| 6–10 years | 859 | 17.4 | 1643 | 36.4 |
| 11 + years | 201 | 4.1 | 531 | 11.8 |
| Working status | ||||
| Yes | 1299 | 26.3 | 835 | 18.5 |
| No | 3342 | 67.6 | 2983 | 66.2 |
| Retired | 303 | 6.1 | 691 | 15.3 |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Currently in Union | 3060 | 61.9 | 2561 | 56.8 |
| Not in Union | 1884 | 38.1 | 1948 | 43.2 |
| Community involvement | ||||
| Yes | 3857 | 78.0 | 3710 | 82.3 |
| No | 1087 | 22.0 | 799 | 17.7 |
| Trust over someone | ||||
| Yes | 4023 | 81.4 | 3922 | 87.0 |
| No | 921 | 18.6 | 587 | 13.0 |
| Living arrangement | ||||
| Others | 3799 | 76.9 | 3631 | 80.5 |
| Living alone/with spouse | 1145 | 23.2 | 878 | 19.5 |
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Good | 2138 | 43.3 | 2188 | 48.5 |
| Poor | 2806 | 56.8 | 2321 | 51.5 |
| Chronic morbidity | ||||
| No | 1700 | 32.4 | 1691 | 37.5 |
| Yes | 3244 | 65.6 | 2819 | 62.5 |
| ADL | ||||
| High | 4565 | 92.3 | 4209 | 93.4 |
| Low | 379 | 7.7 | 300 | 6.6 |
| IADL | ||||
| High | 2002 | 40.5 | 2318 | 51.4 |
| Low | 2942 | 59.5 | 2191 | 48.6 |
| Caste | ||||
| Non-SC/ST | 3493 | 70.7 | 3700 | 82.1 |
| SC/ST | 1451 | 29.3 | 809 | 18.0 |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 3954 | 80.0 | 3535 | 78.4 |
| Muslim | 307 | 6.2 | 415 | 9.2 |
| Others | 683 | 13.8 | 560 | 12.4 |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Rich | 1300 | 26.3 | 2401 | 53.3 |
| Middle | 962 | 19.5 | 1086 | 24.1 |
| Poor | 2681 | 54.2 | 1020 | 22.6 |
| States | ||||
| Himachal Pradesh | 978 | 19.8 | 133 | 3.0 |
| Punjab | 672 | 13.6 | 657 | 14.6 |
| West Bengal | 528 | 10.7 | 692 | 15.4 |
| Orissa | 908 | 18.4 | 308 | 6.8 |
| Maharashtra | 658 | 13.3 | 799 | 17.7 |
| Kerala | 651 | 13.2 | 779 | 17.3 |
| Tamil Nadu | 548 | 11.1 | 1140 | 25.3 |
| Total | 4944 | 100.0 | 4509 | 100.0 |
ADL Activities of Daily Living; IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; SC/ST Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe