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. 2021 Jan 30;19:1072–1080. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.032

Table 1.

Therapeutics against NPs of human CoVs.

Compounds Virus Binding sites Mechanism Assay system or simulation modelling Dose Reference
H3, 6-chloro-7-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylamino) quinoxaline-5,8-dione HCoV-OC43 Phe66, Tyr124, Arg164, Phe57, Ala171 Decrease of RNA-binding capacity of NP In vitro assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) 2 mM [44]
PJ34, N-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydrophenanthridin-2-yl)(N,N-dimethylamino)acetamide hydrochloride HCoV-OC43 Ser 64, Phe 66, Tyr 124, Tyr 126, His 104. Reduction of the RNA-binding capacity of NP Cell based infection 10 μM [36]
(−)-catechin gallate SARS-CoV N/A Attenuation of NP binding affinity to RNA oligonucleotide In vitro assay, a nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide biochip system. *IC50 of 0.05 μg/ mL [45]
(−)-gallocatechin gallate. SARS-CoV N/A Attenuation of NP binding affinity to RNA oligonucleotide In vitro assay, a nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide biochip system. *IC50 of 0.05 μg/ mL [45]
P3, 5-benzyloxygr- amine MERS-CoV Monomer1: W43, N66, N68, S69, T70, N73, F135; Monomer2: V41, G104, T105, G106, A109, T137 Resulting in abnormal N protein oligomerization Cell based infection #EC50 of 32.1 μM [48]
ZINC00003118440, theophylline derivatives SARS-CoV-2 Most potent hits: Gln72, Val73, Pro74, Asn76, Thr136, Thr166 Possible inhibitors of RNA-NP NTD interaction Molecular dynamics simulation N/A [50]
ZINC0000146942, pyrimidone derivatives SARS-CoV-2 Most potent hits: Gly70, Val73, Gln84 Possible inhibitors of RNA-NP NTD interaction Molecular dynamics simulation N/A [50]
5817 (from Asinex databases) SARS-CoV-2 Most potent hits: Ala55, Arg149, Asn77, Asn153, Asn154 Interaction with NP NTD Molecular dynamics simulation N/A [51]
6799 (from Asinex databases) SARS-CoV-2 Most potent hits: Ala55, Arg107, Asn75, Asn153, Asn154 Interaction with NP NTD Molecular dynamics simulation N/A [51]
Zidovudine (from PubChem database) SARS-CoV-2 Most potent hits: Ala55, Asn75, Asn77, Arg 107, Thr148, Asn150, Asn153, Asn154, Interaction with NP NTD Molecular dynamics simulation N/A [51]

*IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration.

# EC50, half maximal effective concentration.