Table 1.
Estimated prevalence of STH in the USA with results of past and current prevalence studies, 2010–2020
| Intestinal parasite | Estimated prevalence current | High-quality prevalence studies prior to 1980 [10] | Recent reports (last 10 years) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ascaris lumbricoides, A. suum (roundworm) | 4 million [26] |
Highest Prevalence: 49.4% in 631 Cherokee Native School children ages 6–16, NC Lowest: 1.3% in 3729 Caucasian school children ages 5–15, GA |
2018: 8-year old boy with Loeffler syndrome and no travel history from a small hog farm, LA [19] 2018: 4-month-old beef calves with respiratory illness, IA [36] 2014–2015: 31.5% prevalence feral hogs obtained from hunters on public lands, LA [19] 2013: 58-year-old man during routine colonoscopy (no international travel history, but frequent visits to SC), NY [22] 2010–2013: 14 suspected, 8 confirmed human cases from 7 unrelated small-scale farms across 6 counties (10/14 no travel history); 5 porcine cases confirmed, ME [15] 2010:15 suspected, 1 confirmed bovine case, MO [20] |
|
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworm) |
unavailable |
Highest Prevalence: 19.6% in 2908 School children ages 5–16, rural poverty area, TN Lowest: 0% in 843 individuals,random community sample, KY [10] |
2017: 34.5% stool samples from 55 individuals in area of failing sanitation and poverty, Lowndes County, AL [24] (N. americanus) 2017: 59-year-old man with no travel history presenting with CLM, CA TX (Ancylostoma spp.) [37] 2016: 14-month-old canine with hookworm invasion of the brainstem, TX (Ancylostoma spp.) [38] |
| Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) | unavailable |
Highest: 55.2% in 366 Native born School children ages 6–12, KY Lowest:: 0.5% in 3729 Caucasian school children ages 5–15, GA |
unavailable |
| Strongyloides stercoralis | 68,000 – 100,000[26] |
Highest: 3.8% in 366 Native born School children ages 6–12, KY Lowest: 0% in 439 School children ages 10–14, KY |
2020: 68-year -old man with COVID-19 infection immigrating 20 years prior from Ecuador, CT 2020: 16.5% positive serology in 97 individuals from a community with failing sanitation/poverty, central TX (75% with no travel history) [13••] 2017: 61-year old US-born man with HIV coinfection, no significant travel history, CT [11] 2017: 7.3% stool samples from 55 individuals in area of failing sanitation and poverty, Lowndes County, AL [24] 2013: 1.9% in 378 positive serology from persons presenting to Remote Area Medical Clinics, KY (only 1 positive participant had significant travel history) [28] |
| Toxocara canis, T. cati | 1.3–2.8 million [26] | unavailable |
2019: 3-year-old girl with OLM, previously healthy presenting with blurry vision and headache, AK [33] 2017: 5.2% positive serology from 11 individuals testing positive for any GI parasites in area of failing sanitation and poverty, Lowndes County, AL [24] 2015–2016: 66.7% contamination with eggs & larvae in 10/15 soil samples from the Bronx, 38.9% in 7/18 soil samples from Staten Island, 33.3% in 6/18 soil samples from Queens, 30.8% 4/13 soil samples from Brooklyn, 29.6% in 8/27 soil samples from Manhattan, NY [39] 2014: 4.6% egg positive fecal samples from 523,934 cats and 1.8% egg positive fecal samples from 2,750,718 dogs, national [40] 2014: 75-year-old female with pulmonary toxocariasis (only travel history 15 years prior to Caribbean), NJ [41] 2011–2014: 5.1% overall seroprevalence from 13,509 individuals from NHANES 2011–2014, national [42] 2009–2010: 68 case reports of OLM in individuals aged 1–60, national [43] |