. 2020 May 15;36(1):89–101. doi: 10.1007/s10654-020-00643-2

Table 4.

Risks of adverse outcomes according to specific antipsychotic type using Cox proportional hazard models (Hazard ratios (95% CI))

	Mortality	Any emergency hospitalisation	Stroke hospitalisation	Stroke-specific mortality
Any antipsychotic (n = 1115) versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)	1.14 (1.04–1.24)	0.99 (0.92–1.08)	1.09 (0.84–1.40)	1.28 (1.01–1.63)
Risperidone (n = 283) versus any other antipsychotic (n = 832)	1.03 (0.86–1.22)	1.00 (0.84–1.18)	0.82 (0.46–1.44)	1.07 (0.65–1.75)
Risperidone (n = 283) versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)	1.16 (0.99–1.36)	0.99 (0.85–1.15)	0.93 (0.55–1.57)	1.34 (0.85–2.11)
Olanzapine (n = 162) versus any other antipsychotic (n = 953)	1.02 (0.81–1.29)	0.81 (0.65–1.00)	0.77 (0.36–1.61)	1.27 (0.68–2.35)
Olanzapine (n = 162) versus no antipsychotic (8991)	1.16 (0.93–1.45)	0.83 (0.67–1.01)	0.86 (0.42–1.75)	1.58 (0.88–2.83)
Quetiapine (n = 402) versus any other antipsychotic (n = 713)	0.95 (0.82–1.10)	1.12 (0.97–1.30)	1.38 (0.88–2.16)	0.92 (0.60–1.41)
Quetiapine (n = 402) versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)	1.11 (0.98–1.25)	1.07 (0.95–1.20)	1.30 (0.92–1.84)	1.22 (0.86–1.73)
Any second-generation (n = 889) antipsychotic versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)	1.15 (1.05–1.26)	1.02 (0.93–1.11)	1.13 (0.86–1.49)	1.31 (1.00–1.70)
Any first-generation (n = 386) antipsychotic versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)	1.10 (0.96–1.25)	0.94 (0.82–1.06)	1.06 (0.71–1.58)	1.12 (0.76–1.65)
Any first-generation antipsychotic (n = 223) versus any second-generation (n = 762) antipsychotic*	0.95 (0.79–1.14)	0.89 (0.74–1.07)	0.86 (0.48–1.57)	0.84 (0.49–1.44)

Mortality

Any emergency hospitalisation

Stroke hospitalisation

Stroke-specific mortality

Any antipsychotic (n = 1115) versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)

1.14

(1.04–1.24)

0.99

(0.92–1.08)

1.09

(0.84–1.40)

1.28

(1.01–1.63)

Risperidone (n = 283) versus any other antipsychotic (n = 832)

1.03

(0.86–1.22)

1.00

(0.84–1.18)

0.82

(0.46–1.44)

1.07

(0.65–1.75)

Risperidone (n = 283) versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)

1.16

(0.99–1.36)

0.99

(0.85–1.15)

0.93

(0.55–1.57)

1.34

(0.85–2.11)

Olanzapine (n = 162) versus any other antipsychotic (n = 953)

1.02

(0.81–1.29)

0.81

(0.65–1.00)

0.77

(0.36–1.61)

1.27

(0.68–2.35)

Olanzapine (n = 162) versus no antipsychotic (8991)

1.16

(0.93–1.45)

0.83

(0.67–1.01)

0.86

(0.42–1.75)

1.58

(0.88–2.83)

Quetiapine (n = 402) versus any other antipsychotic (n = 713)

0.95

(0.82–1.10)

1.12

(0.97–1.30)

1.38

(0.88–2.16)

0.92

(0.60–1.41)

Quetiapine (n = 402) versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)

1.11

(0.98–1.25)

1.07

(0.95–1.20)

1.30

(0.92–1.84)

1.22

(0.86–1.73)

Any second-generation (n = 889) antipsychotic versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)

1.15

(1.05–1.26)

1.02

(0.93–1.11)

1.13

(0.86–1.49)

1.31

(1.00–1.70)

Any first-generation (n = 386) antipsychotic versus no antipsychotic (n = 8991)

1.10

(0.96–1.25)

0.94

(0.82–1.06)

1.06

(0.71–1.58)

1.12

(0.76–1.65)

Any first-generation antipsychotic (n = 223) versus any second-generation (n = 762) antipsychotic*

0.95

(0.79–1.14)

0.89

(0.74–1.07)

0.86

(0.48–1.57)

0.84

(0.49–1.44)

Adjusted for age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, index of deprivation, MMSE score, dementia subtype, HoNOS scores (agitation, psychosis, non-accidental self-injury, problem-drinking or drug taking, depressed mood, physical illness or disability, activities of daily living, living conditions, occupational/recreational activities, social relationships), and hospitalisation in the year prior to dementia diagnosis (Model 3)

Bold p < 0.05

Italics 0.05 < p < 0.10

The antipsychotic first mentioned can also be in combination (e.g. if risperidone prescribed in combination, it is grouped in the risperidone group)

* SGA versus FGA excludes combinations of second-generation with first-generation antipsychotics (n = 163)