Table 3.
Spearman's RHO correlations between average length of stay, forensic bed rates per 100,000 and wider social variables
| GDPa | % GDP on healthcareb | Democracy indexc | Prison populationd | General psychiatric bed ratese | Forensic bed rates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LoS | 00.736** | 0.806** | 0.697* | − 0.266 | 0.035 | 0.424 |
| 95% CI | 0.278, 0.937 | 0.416, 0.964 | 0.112, 0.949 | − 0.926, 0.484 | − 0.750, 0.673 | − 0.292, 0.864 |
| Forensic bed rates | 0.049 | 0.175 | 0.162 | 0.088 | 0.572 | 0.424 |
| 95% CI | − 0.671, 0.745 | − 0.552, 0.760 | − 0.584, 0.769 | − 0.627, 0.761 | − 0.089, 0.927 | − 0.292, 0.864 |
Spearman’s RHO; N = 12; *p > 0.05; **p > 0.01; 95% CI results based on 1000 bootstrap samples
LoS length of stay
aSource: The World Bank Data Bank. GDP per capita in current USD. Accessed August 2019. Data for the year 2013. Single figure for England and Wales and Scotland representing United Kingdom
bSource: The World Bank Data Bank. Current Health Expenditure (% of GDP). Accessed September 2019. Data for the year 2013. Single figure for England and Wales and Scotland representing United Kingdom. Figure for Croatia from 2011, source: World Bank (2013). "World Development Indicators 2013." Washington, D.C.: World Bank
cSource: The Economist Intelligence Unit (2014). Democracy index 2013: Democracy in limbo. Data for the year 2013. Single figure for England and Wales and Scotland representing United Kingdom
dSource: EUROSTAT Prison capacity and number of persons held. Figures per 100,000. Data for the year 2013. Figure for North Macedonia from 2012, source: Aebi, M.F. & Delgrande, N. (2014). SPACE I: Council of Europe Annual Penal Statistics: Prison populations. Survey 2012. Strasbourg: Council of Europe
eSource: WHO European Health Information Gateway. Data for the year 2013. Figures per 100,000. Definitions of beds found: https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/indicators/hfa_488-5070-psychiatric-hospital-beds-per-100-000/. Figure for Netherlands from 2011, source: OECD Health Statistics 2013. Figure for Netherlands includes social care sector beds that might not be counted as psychiatric beds in other countries