Table 4.

Optimization of the formulated culture medium TSB_8-3 by adding a cell-free culture of pathogenic bacteria or a mixture of catalase and sodium pyruvate for resuscitating (log CFU/mL) VBNC V. parahaemolyticus strains persisted under cold and starvation conditions for 110 days

Bacterium	Strain	Microcosm	TSB8-3 added with a cell-free culture of bacteria or a mixture of catalase and sodium pyruvatea
			None	CFSvp	CFSvv	CFSst	CFSec	CFSsa	CSP
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 17802	ASW	7.48	4.60	3.70	6.78	7.00	3.48	5.08
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 17802	ASWfive	NGb	7.75	4.80	NG	4.99	NG	5.76
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 17802	ASWten	NG	4.08	4.17	NG	NG	NG	4.00
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 17802	ASWthry	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 33844	ASW	NG	7.83	7.91	NG	NG	NG	8.15
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 33844	ASWfive	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	7.79
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 33844	ASWten	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 33844	ASWthry	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 27969	ASW	6.69	7.78	8.53	7.72	7.91	7.52	6.79
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 27969	ASWfive	7.91	6.72	6.46	7.36	8.00	6.61	7.26
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 27969	ASWten	6.93	7.45	6.00	5.93	6.90	7.36	5.70
V. parahaemolyticus	ATCC 27969	ASWthry	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG	NG

^aAs described previously in the Materials and Methods, individual respective strains of V. parahaemolyticus were incubated in ASW microcosms supplemented with less than 30% NaCl at 4 °C. After 110 days, each V. parahaemolyticus strain was collected, re-suspended in TSB_8-3 added with a cell-free culture of bacteria or a mixture of catalase and sodium pyruvate and enriched at 25C for 3 days. TSB_8-3 added with a CFS taken from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, V. vulnificus ATCC 27562, E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 35150, S. Typhimurium ATCC 43971 and Staph. aureus ATCC 12598 in the stationary phase at a ratio of 9:1 (v/v) was designated as CFS_vp, CFS_vv, CFS_st, CFS_ec, and CFS_sa, respectively. Detail information about the formulated culture media was shown in Table 1. ^bNG, no growth