Table 2.
Adverse events with significantly different onset, and their signal scores.
| Volcano plot | Z-drug | BZ drug | |||
| Class | Adverse Event (High Level Term) | ln OR | -log P |
n11, PRR, χ2 (PRR 95%CI) |
n21, PRR, χ2 (PRR 95%CI) |
| Z-drug | Suicidal and self-injurious behaviour *† | 1.10 | 13.84 | 208, 16.14, 2743.94 (14.09-18.48) |
55, 5.37,188.70 (4.13-6.99) |
| Deliria *† | 0.88 | 6.42 | 130, 11.64, 1193.14 (9.79-13.83) |
42, 4.82, 121.77 (3.56-6.52) |
|
| Parasomnias *† | 3.28 | 4.34 | 17, 23.47, 309.27 (14.24-38.69) |
NA | |
| Cortical dysfunction NEC * | 2.76 | 2.18 | 10, 3.62, 16.14 (1.94-6.75) |
NA | |
| Psychiatric symptoms NEC * | 2.66 | 2.18 | 9, 2.51, 6.63 (1.30-4.83) |
NA | |
| Overdoses NEC *† | 0.49 | 2.09 | 92, 23.64, 1776.82 (19.13-29.23) |
43, 13.87, 477.76 (10.24-18.77) |
|
| Neurological signs and symptoms NEC | 0.82 | 1.98 | 39, 1.14, 0.53 (0.83-1.56) |
13, 0.50, 5.98 (0.29-0.86) |
|
| Pulmonary embolism and thrombosis | 1.51 | 1.50 | 12, 0.98, 0.004 (0.55-1.72) |
2, 0.22, 4.97 (0.05-0.86) |
|
| Breast and nipple neoplasms malignant | 2.12 | 1.39 | 5, 1.25, 0.06 (0.52-3.02) |
NA | |
| Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis | 2.12 | 1.39 | 5, 0.73,0.25 (0.31-1.77) |
NA | |
| Disturbances in initiating and maintaining sleep | 2.12 | 1.39 | 5, 1.62, 0.65 (0.67-3.91) |
NA | |
| Vascular hypotensive disorders | 1.11 | 1.38 | 16, 0.33, 21.73 (0.20-0.53) |
4, 0.11, 28.80 (0.04-0.29) |
|
| BZ drug | Bullous conditions | -0.74 | 3.70 | 41, 0.53, 17.03 (0.39-0.72) |
64, 1.10, 0.52 (0.87-1.40) |
| Non-mechanical ileus † | -3.33 | 3.68 | NA | 10, 3.53, 15.50 (1.89-6.57) |
|
| Ocular signs and symptoms NEC *† | -1.33 | 2.32 | 6, 4.13, 11.05 (1.84-9.25) |
17, 16.13, 214.17 (9.91-26.25) |
|
| Urinary abnormalities | -2.85 | 2.20 | NA | 6, 0.95, 0.004 (0.42-2.10) |
|
| Cholestasis and jaundice | -1.47 | 2.20 | 4, 0.27, 7.27 (0.10-0.72) |
13, 1.17, 0.16 (0.68-2.01) |
|
| Decreased physical activity levels † | -2.68 | 2.20 | NA | 5, 11.06, 34.84 (4.53-27.00) |
|
| Myopathies † | -0.57 | 2.20 | 41, 1.38, 4.02 (1.02-1.88) |
54, 2.43, 44.13 (1.87-3.16) |
|
| Hepatic enzymes and function abnormalities | -0.43 | 1.83 | 65, 0.78, 3.91 (0.61-0.99) |
74, 1.18,1.94 (0.94-1.48) |
|
| Allergies to foods, food additives, drugs and other chemicals | -0.58 | 1.69 | 30, 0.32, 43.21 (0.23-0.46) |
40, 0.57, 12.66 (0.42-0.78) |
|
| Muscular autoimmune disorders | -2.48 | 1.47 | NA | 4, 1.90, 0.92 (0.71-5.08) |
|
| Reproductive tract signs and symptoms NEC | -2.48 | 1.47 | NA | 4, 1.24, 0.02 (0.46-3.30) |
|
| Gait disturbances | -2.48 | 1.47 | NA | 4, 0.79, 0.06 (0.30-2.11) |
|
| Adenoviral infections | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA | 3, 3.37,2.87 (1.08-10.51) |
|
| Elevated triglycerides † | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA | 3, 4.76, 5.45 (1.52-14.89) |
|
| Infections NEC | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA | 3, 0.23, 7.05 (0.07-0.71) |
|
| Bacterial infections NEC | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA | 3, 0.16, 12.14 (0.05-0.51) |
|
| Muscle tone abnormalities | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA | 3, 0.21,8.15 (0.07-0.65) |
|
| Schizophrenia NEC | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA) | 3, 2.84, 1.94 (0.91-8.84) |
|
| Site specific necrosis and vascular insufficiency NEC | -2.23 | 1.47 | NA | 3, 3.30, 2.75 (1.06-10.31) |
|
| Rashes, eruptions and exanthems NEC | -0.86 | 1.37 | 9, 0.20, 28.73 (0.10-0.38) |
16, 0.47, 9.17 (0.29-0.77) |
|