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. 2021 Jan 18;11:614164. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614164

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Copyright © 2021 Li, Shu, Wu, Xu and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Normalized prediction distribution errors (NPDE) of the final population pharmacokinetic model. (A) Quantile–quantile plot of NPDE vs. the expected standard normal distribution, (B) histogram of NPDE with the density of the standard normal distribution overlaid, (C) Scatterplot of NPDE vs. time, and (D) scatterplot of NPDE vs. PRED. Blue dots represent observed concentrations. Red lines show the medians of observed data and blue lines show the 5th and 95th percentiles of observed concentrations. Red or blue shaded areas represent the 95% prediction interval for the respective metric.