Table 3.

Association between changes in metabolic variables and changes in microvascular outcome measures after bariatric surgery

Variable	Coefficient	95% confidence interval	p
Percentage change in CNFL
Pre-operative diabetes duration	0.002	− 0.009 to 0.013	0.682
ΔHbA1c	0.158	− 0.177 to 0.492	0.331
ΔSBP	0.497	− 0.071 to 1.065	0.082
ΔTriglycerides	− 0.135	− 0.250 to − 0.020	0.024
%EBMIL	0.004	0.000 to 0.008	0.05
Percentage Change in eGFR
Pre-operative diabetes duration	0.002	− 0.007 to 0.011	0.637
ΔHbA1c	− 0.093	− 0.383 to 0.196	0.502
ΔSBP	0.619	0.127 to 1.111	0.017
ΔTriglycerides	− 0.066	− 0.165 to 0.034	0.180
%EBMIL	− 0.004	0.001 to 0.007	0.018
Percentage change in urinary ACR
Pre-operative diabetes duration	0.248	0.042 to 0.453	0.021
ΔHbA1c	− 4.108	− 10.456 to 2.241	0.188
ΔSBP	− 3.282	− 14.069 to 7.505	0.526
ΔTriglycerides	− 0.791	− 2.971 to 1.390	0.452
%EBMIL	0.037	− 0.034 to 0.108	0.286
Percentage change in CNFD
Pre-operative diabetes duration	0.006	− 0.082 to 0.094	0.884
ΔHbA1c	0.111	− 2.643 to 2.864	0.932
ΔSBP	− 1.047	− 5.709 to 3.615	0.638
ΔTriglycerides	− 0.204	− 1.145 to 0.738	0.650
%EBMIL	0.020	− 0.013 to 0.053	0.223
Percentage change in CNBD
Pre-operative diabetes duration	− 0.040	− 0.093 to 0.012	0.121
ΔHbA1c	0.480	− 0.955 to 1.914	0.485
ΔSBP	0.082	− 2.375 to 2.539	0.944
ΔTriglycerides	− 0.070	− 0.599 to 0.459	0.782
%EBMIL	− 0.001	− 0.02 to 0.017	0.879

Multifactorial linear regression assessing relationships between percentage changes in microvascular outcomes and percentage change in metabolic variables. Diabetes duration relates to pre-operative duration of diabetes. Variables in bold text are statistically significant (p < 0.05)

CNFL corneal nerve fibre length, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR albumin/creatinine ratio, CNFD corneal nerve fibre density, CNBD corneal nerve branch density, %EBMIL percentage excess body mass index loss (proportionate change in excess of BMI of > 25 kg/m²)

Δ = percentage change from baseline