Table 2.
Average dry biomass (g pot−1) for (a) A. retroflexus and (b) B. napus produced at different levels (0, 5 and 10 kg−1) of I application in the first and second crops grown up to 125 days after I application. Values are expressed as mean ± SE of four replicates
| Harvest | Soil | Application method | Biomass (g pot−1) Crop 1 | Biomass (g pot−1) Crop 2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 kg ha−1 I | 5 kg ha−1 I | 10 kg ha−1 I | Crop 1 mean | 0 kg ha−1 I | 5 kg ha−1 I | 10 kg ha−1 I | Crop 2 mean | |||
| (a) Amaranthus retroflexus | ||||||||||
| 1 | Oxisol | Soil | 3.14 ± 1.44 | 2.90 ± 2.38 | 4.49 ± 0.892 | 3.51 | 0.197 ± 0.035 | 0.165 ± 0.050 | 0.312 ± 0.107 | 0.24 |
| Foliar | 2.82 ± 1.78 | 4.82 ± 2.43 | 1.75 ± 1.32 | 3.13 | 0.152 ± 0.067 | 0.370 ± 0.001 | 0.415 ± 0.152 | 0.29 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 3.42 ± 0.72 | 5.73 ± 4.33 | 5.75 ± 2.25 | 4.97 | 0.415 ± 0.197 | 0.255 ± 0.115 | 0.237 ± 0.152 | 0.30 | |
| Foliar | 4.01 ± 3.17 | 4.09 ± 1.25 | 5.79 ± 4.51 | 4.63 | 0.720 ± 0.616 | 0.443 ± 0.277 | 0.435 ± 0.276 | 0.53 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 4.51 ± 3.17 | 10.7 ± 5.65 | 10.8 ± 2.62 | 8.66 | 0.610 ± 0.264 | 0.613 ± 0.707 | 0.338 ± 0.152 | 0.52 | |
| Foliar | 6.98 ± 1.40 | 7.92 ± 3.30 | 7.76 ± 2.16 | 7.55 | 0.388 ± 0.265 | 0.487 ± 0.378 | 0.677 ± 0.434 | 0.52 | ||
| 2 | Oxisol | Soil | 6.48 ± 1.84 | 3.25 ± 1.45 | 3.83 ± 1.69 | 4.58 | 0.110 ± 0.096 | 0.292 ± 0.234 | 0.535 ± 0.350 | 0.33 |
| Foliar | 4.83 ± 1.32 | 4.16 ± 1.17 | 3.21 ± 1.48 | 4.15 | 0.155 ± 0.088 | 0.970 ± 1.115 | 1.12 ± 0.593 | 0.73 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 6.11 ± 2.20 | 6.21 ± 1.81 | 7.26 ± 0.001 | 6.28 | 0.548 ± 0.310 | 0.473 ± 0.416 | 0.522 ± 0.428 | 0.51 | |
| Foliar | 6.66 ± 1.20 | 5.65 ± 2.75 | 5.85 ± 1.00 | 6.05 | 1.26 ± 0.790 | 1.167 ± 0.531 | 0.512 ± 0.178 | 0.98 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 11.1 ± 4.67 | 9.40 ± 2.06 | 11.7 ± 1.49 | 10.7 | 3.53 ± 1.65 | 2.68 ± 1.779 | 2.30 ± 0.867 | 2.85 | |
| Foliar | 10.6 ± 2.04 | 12.1 ± 2.16 | 10.4 ± 2.52 | 11.0 | 3.25 ± 0.992 | 2.12 ± 1.40 | 2.92 ± 1.161 | 2.76 | ||
| 3 | Oxisol | Soil | 1.10 ± 1.33 | 0.307 ± 0.021 | 0.253 ± 0.001 | 0.75 | 0.550 ± 0.462 | 1.50 ± 0.735 | 0.752 ± 0.420 | 0.82 |
| Foliar | 1.34 ± 1.03 | 1.33 ± 0.563 | 1.29 ± 1.25 | 1.33 | 0.495 ± 0.120 | 0.380 ± 0.396 | 1.16 ± 0.687 | 0.80 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 1.82 ± 1.60 | 1.85 ± 0.804 | 1.15 ± 0.667 | 1.59 | 0.677 ± 0.257 | 0.987 ± 0.391 | 0.502 ± 0.336 | 0.70 | |
| Foliar | 1.62 ± 2.22 | 1.90 ± 1.31 | 1.52 ± 0.915 | 1.68 | 1.41 ± 0.236 | 1.02 ± 0.405 | 0.980 ± 0.708 | 1.14 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 2.81 ± 1.96 | 3.89 ± 2.14 | 5.73 ± 2.38 | 4.30 | 6.11 ± 2.08 | 4.68 ± 1.60 | 4.19 ± 1.87 | 4.99 | |
| Foliar | 3.70 ± 1.62 | 2.01 ± 0.288 | 4.31 ± 1.17 | 3.46 | 5.59 ± 1.59 | 4.27 ± 2.03 | 5.27 ± 1.87 | 5.04 | ||
| 4 | Oxisol | Soil | 0.502 ± 0.062 | 0.780 ± 0.354 | 0.365 ± 0.001 | 0.62 | 0.160 ± 0.098 | 0.370 ± 0.359 | 0.425 ± 0.214 | 0.31 |
| Foliar | 0.119 ± 0.001 | 0.462 ± 0.343 | 0.088 ± 0.001 | 0.32 | 0.390 ± 0.428 | 0.250 ± 0.001 | 1.03 ± 0.514 | 0.69 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 0.173 ± 0.187 | 0.339 ± 0.196 | 0.567 ± 0.775 | 0.38 | 0.357 ± 0.225 | 0.397 ± 0.219 | 0.330 ± 0.290 | 0.36 | |
| Foliar | 0 | 0.985 ± 0.477 | 0.140 ± 0.169 | 0.56 | 0.435 ± 0.331 | 0.723 ± 0.500 | 0.258 ± 0.035 | 0.45 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 1.39 ± 1.99 | 1.27 ± 0.833 | 4.22 ± 0.468 | 2.49 | 3.19 ± 1.87 | 1.945 ± 1.36 | 3.31 ± 0.619 | 2.82 | |
| Foliar | 0.682 ± 0.335 | 0.400 ± 0.250 | 1.43 ± 0.470 | 0.95 | 2.82 ± 1.82 | 2.01 ± 0.779 | 2.72 ± 1.60 | 2.52 | ||
| 5 | Oxisol | Soil | 0.221 ± 0.001 | 1.79 ± 2.35 | 0 | 1.27 | 0.110 ± 0.018 | 0.515 ± 0.021 | 0.273 ± 0.145 | 0.25 |
| Foliar | 0 | 0.036 ± 0.001 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.290 ± 0.255 | 0.130 ± 0.141 | 0.917 ± 0.669 | 0.56 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 0 | 0 | 0.225 ± 0.125 | 0.23 | 0.220 ± 0.184 | 0.210 ± 0.044 | 0.545 ± 0.573 | 0.31 | |
| Foliar | 0 | 0.567 ± 0.001 | 0 | 0.57 | 0.420 ± 0.272 | 0.563 ± 0.119 | 0.763 ± 0.739 | 0.57 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 1.39 ± 1.31 | 1.81 ± 0.288 | 2.66 ± 0.522 | 2.05 | 2.79 ± 1.38 | 2.00 ± 0.770 | 2.05 ± 1.03 | 2.28 | |
| Foliar | 1.04 ± 0.575 | 0.396 ± 0.001 | 1.45 ± 0.626 | 1.06 | 3.06 ± 0.935 | 1.64 ± 087 | 2.59 ± 0.667 | 2.43 | ||
| (b) Brassica napus | ||||||||||
| 1 | Oxisol | Soil | 3.61 ± 2.10 | 0.97 ± 0.791 | 1.96 ± 0.746 | 2.18 | 0.517 ± 0.357 | 0.440 ± 0.189 | 0.527 ± 0.204 | 0.49 |
| Foliar | 2.48 ± 0.300 | 3.12 ± 1.43 | 2.58 ± 0.505 | 2.73 | 0.397 ± 0.265 | 0.525 ± 0.279 | 0.215 ± 0.071 | 0.38 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 2.92 ± 0.36 | 4.77 ± 1.75 | 5.20 ± 2.75 | 4.30 | 1.36 ± 0.096 | 1.36 ± 0.528 | 1.42 ± 0.645 | 1.38 | |
| Foliar | 3.76 ± 1.05 | 3.27 ± 1.02 | 5.17 ± 2.25 | 4.07 | 1.32 ± 0.703 | 0.752 ± 0.490 | 1.07 ± 0.065 | 1.04 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 9.84 ± 1.47 | 11.5 ± 3.02 | 13.1 ± 1.58 | 11.5 | 1.32 ± 0.465 | 1.26 ± 0.654 | 1.29 ± 0.484 | 1.29 | |
| Foliar | 10.7 ± 1.53 | 13.0 ± 1.58 | 10.9 ± 2.72 | 11.5 | 1.31 ± 0.599 | 1.26 ± 0.303 | 1.59 ± 0.836 | 1.38 | ||
| 2 | Oxisol | Soil | 6.95 ± 2.50 | 4.28 ± 0.891 | 4.49 ± 1.23 | 5.24 | 0.387 ± 0.347 | 0.425 ± 0.269 | 0.540 ± 0.694 | 0.44 |
| Foliar | 5.28 ± 1.59 | 4.48 ± 0.939 | 5.37 ± 2.01 | 5.04 | 0.900 ± 0.933 | 0.492 ± 0.367 | 0.318 ± 0.203 | 0.50 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 5.47 ± 14.9 | 7.5 ± 2.71 | 9.09 ± 0.716 | 7.35 | 1.92 ± 1.02 | 1.36 ± 1.792 | 1.61 ± 0.602 | 1.63 | |
| Foliar | 6.61 ± 2.15 | 7.99 ± 1.10 | 9.05 ± 4.43 | 7.88 | 0.510 ± 0.238 | 0.623 ± 0.428 | 1.35 ± 0.731 | 0.83 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 12.6 ± 6.17 | 15.2 ± 2.85 | 18.8 ± 2.54 | 15.5 | 4.41 ± 0.622 | 3.97 ± 2.18 | 3.89 ± 0.972 | 4.09 | |
| Foliar | 17.1 ± 3.68 | 19.1 ± 3.58 | 14.8 ± 2.60 | 17.0 | 4.60 ± 2.34 | 3.58 ± 1.29 | 5.32 ± 1.38 | 4.50 | ||
| 3 | Oxisol | Soil | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 1.503 ± 1.69 | 0.898 ± 0.418 | 1.18 | 0.850 ± 0.255 | 0.305 ± 0.064 | 1.77 ± 0.001 | 0.82 |
| Foliar | 1.73 ± 0.68 | 1.73 ± 0.418 | 3.32 ± 2.34 | 2.21 | 1.87 ± 0.001 | 0.863 ± 0.673 | 0.290 ± 0.256 | 0.84 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 2.42 ± 1.79 | 1.74 ± 0.530 | 1.83 ± 0.075 | 2.06 | 1.78 ± 0.746 | 1.90 ± 1.05 | 1.30 ± 1.41 | 1.61 | |
| Foliar | 1.88 ± 1.46 | 1.79 ± 1.26 | 2.81 ± 2.27 | 2.18 | 0.973 ± 0.671 | 0.703 ± 0.725 | 0.938 ± 0.715 | 0.88 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 7.21 ± 1.67 | 6.97 ± 1.18 | 6.59 ± 1.37 | 6.93 | 9.07 ± 2.75 | 7.92 ± 1.96 | 7.95 ± 2.73 | 8.31 | |
| Foliar | 6.60 ± 1.34 | 7.43 ± 2.05 | 7.60 ± 1.41 | 7.21 | 8.70 ± 3.32 | 6.64 ± 1.084 | 7.69 ± 0.664 | 7.68 | ||
| 4 | Oxisol | Soil | 1.05 ± 0.646 | 1.07 ± 1.03 | 0.591 ± 0,306 | 0.87 | 0.587 ± 0.487 | 0.505 ± 0.163 | 1.34 ± 0.001 | 0.69 |
| Foliar | 0.60 ± 0.391 | 1.34 ± 0.540 | 0.965 ± 0.803 | 0.97 | 1.15 ± 0.001 | 0.557 ± 0.576 | 0.205 ± 0.078 | 0.54 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 1.07 ± 0.689 | 1.02 ± 0.306 | 1.62 ± 1.17 | 1.22 | 1.64 ± 0.951 | 0.690 ± 0.396 | 1.22 ± 1.75 | 1.28 | |
| Foliar | 1.62 ± 0.517 | 0.721 ± 0.599 | 1.50 ± 0.644 | 1.28 | 0.225 ± 0.050 | 0.490 ± 0.509 | 1.22 ± 1.38 | 0.73 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 4.34 ± 0.646 | 2.32 ± 1.07 | 4.09 ± 0.883 | 3.58 | 3.11 ± 1.62 | 3.79 ± 1.77 | 2.59 ± 1.42 | 3.16 | |
| Foliar | 3.47 ± 1.07 | 4.23 ± 0.77 | 3.68 ± 1.10 | 3.79 | 4.32 ± 2.83 | 2.66 ± 1.412 | 3.06 ± 1.00 | 3.34 | ||
| 5 | Oxisol | Soil | 1.41 ± 1.37 | 0.378 ± 0.350 | 0.412 ± 0.328 | 0.80 | 0.910 ± 0.386 | 0.870 ± 0.976 | 1.77 ± 0.001 | 1.04 |
| Foliar | 1.18 ± 0.917 | 1.39 ± 1.13 | 1.19 ± 0.884 | 1.26 | 1.49 ± 0.001 | 0.320 ± 0.198 | 0.555 ± 0.361 | 0.65 | ||
| Alfisol | Soil | 1.58 ± 0.274 | 1.50 ± 0.147 | 1.45 ± 1.07 | 1.51 | 0.845 ± 0.657 | 0.500 ± 0.001 | 0.420 ± 0.589 | 0.64 | |
| Foliar | 1.40 ± 0.511 | 1.08 ± 1.15 | 1.23 ± 0.652 | 1.22 | 0.165 ± 0.064 | 0.387 ± 0.532 | 0.550 ± 0.464 | 0.39 | ||
| Vertisol | Soil | 1.94 ± 0.968 | 2.29 ± 1.27 | 3.60 ± 0.599 | 2.61 | 3.58 ± 2.086 | 3.90 ± 1.113 | 3.02 ± 1.24 | 3.50 | |
| Foliar | 1.85 ± 0.887 | 2.79 ± 0.555 | 3.05 ± 0.726 | 2.50 | 4.36 ± 3.51 | 3.37 ± 1.99 | 3.03 ± 2.55 | 3.59 | ||