Table 5.
Estimates (upper line) and P-values (lower line) of the conditional mixed effect regression models investigating the association between treatment incidence and amount of chosen prevention strategies (Model 1), and between treatment incidence and implementation level of the strategies (Model 2, 1 = implemented, 2 = partially implemented, 3 = not implemented).
| TI category | MODELS 1: Amount of chosen strategies | MODELS 2: Level of implementation | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | IFE | Implemented | Partially implemented | Not implemented | IFE | |
| EFFECT OF UDDER HEALTH PREVENTION STRATEGIES | ||||||||||
| IMMlact | −0.21 | 0.03 | −0.18 | 0.16 | −0.17 | 0.07 | 0.03 | −0.04 | H* | |
| 0.20 | 0.81 | 0.28 | 0.47 | 0.59 | 0.37 | 0.88 | 0.75 | <0.01 | ||
| IMMlact | 2.46 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 3.16 | 0.70 | −0.27 | −0.85 | 0.10 | H* | |
| HPCIA | 0.11 | 0.97 | 0.66 | 0.14 | 0.80 | 0.05* | 0.27 | 0.64 | <0.01 | |
| IMMdry | −0.25 | −0.23 | −0.14 | 0.13 | −0.14 | H* | 0.02 | −0.51 | 0.18 | H* |
| 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.47 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.79 | 0.03* | 0.19 | <0.01 | |
| SYSudd | −0.44 | −0.19 | −0.15 | 0.05 | 0.17 | H*,R* | 0.04 | −0.09 | −0.13 | H* |
| 0.04* | 0.26 | 0.47 | 0.87 | 0.65 | <0.03 | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.51 | 0.02 | |
| SYS udd | −1.73 | −0.65 | 1.26 | 1.42 | −0.03 | R* | 0.10 | 0.17 | −0.87 | |
| HPCIA | 0.20 | 0.53 | 0.33 | 0.42 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.57 | 0.72 | 0.03* | |
| OTH | −0.22 | 0.47 | 0.22 | 0.78 | 0.35 | R*,H* | −0.04 | 0.18 | −0.04 | R* |
| 0.25 | <0.01* | 0.25 | <0.01* | 0.29 | <0.04 | 0.68 | 0.42 | 0.80 | <0.01 | |
| OTH | 2.00 | 0.64 | 0.93 | 2.41 | 1.44 | B*, R* | −0.27 | −0.26 | −0.11 | R* |
| HPCIA | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.49 | 0.17 | 0.53 | <0.04 | 0.11 | 0.52 | 0.76 | 0.02 |
| EFFECT OF UTERINE HEALTH PREVENTION STRATEGIES | ||||||||||
| IUute | −0.16 | 0.01 | H* | −0.23 | −0.55 | 0.44 | H* | |||
| 0.45 | 0.98 | <0.01 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.42 | <0.01 | ||||
| SYSute | −0.56 | 0.25 | H* | −0.03 | −18.39 | −0.15 | H* | |||
| 0.02* | 0.55 | <0.01 | 0.89 | 0.96 | 0.87 | <0.01 | ||||
| SYSute | 1.12 | −14.02 | ° | 0.39 | −23.85 | −0.14 | ° | |||
| HPCIA | 0.70 | >0.99 | 0.91 | 1.00 | >0.99 | |||||
| OTH | −0.18 | −0.47 | R* | −0.12 | −0.44 | −0.46 | R* | |||
| 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.28 | 0.48 | 0.01 | ||||
| OTH | 2.28 | −4.50 | R*, H* | −0.14 | 0.18 | −16.06 | R*, B* | |||
| HPCIA | 0.10 | 0.18 | <0.05 | 0.77 | 0.96 | 0.99 | <0.01 | |||
| EFFECT OF CALF HEALTH PREVENTION STRATEGIES | ||||||||||
| CALFtot | −0.26 | −0.14 | −0.28 | 0.88 | R* | 0.01 | 0.30 | −0.34 | ||
| 0.26 | 0.60 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.44 | 0.15 | |||
| CALFtot | 1.03 | 0.92 | 0.11 | 3.09 | R* | 0.17 | −0.33 | −0.04 | H* | |
| HPCIA | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.96 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.64 | 0.90 | 0.04 | |
| OTH | 0.08 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.32 | R* | 0.02 | −0.12 | −0.47 | R* | |
| 0.59 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.44 | <0.01 | 0.85 | 0.58 | <0.01* | 0.01 | ||
| OTH | 2.45 | −3.62 | 2.52 | 3.90 | R* | −0.18 | 0.44 | −0.42 | R*, B* | |
| HPCIA | 0.03* | 0.02* | 0.19 | 0.18 | <0.02 | 0.28 | 0.26 | 0.15 | <0.02 | |
The estimate represents the in- or decrease per 100 units of the respective treatment incidence. (Reference value: models 1: Control farms without intervention, models 2: Farms of the intervention group without strategy selection in this health sector). Significant additional fixed effects such as herd size, region and/or breed have been included on some models where they improved the model fit (lowest p-value indicated).
TI, treatment incidence; IMMlact, intramammary use during lactation; IMMdry, Intramammary use for dry-off; SYSudd, Systemic use with indication udder health; SYSute, systemic use with indication uterine health; IUute, intrauterine application; CALFtot, total use of antimicrobials for replacement calves; OTH, antimicrobial use with other indications; HPCIA, Highest priority critically important antimicrobials; IFE, included fixed effects; H, herd size; B, breed; R, region.
Indicates the p-value, which is interpreted as significant (p ≤ 0.05 = significant).
Bold numbers = marked estimate, p-value and additional fixed effect, which are defined as significant.
Inclusion of herdsize, breed and region as additional fixed effect was not possible for these models due to too small sample size in at least one category of each additional fixed effect.