FIGURE 3.

LaCl₃ and Bcl-XL significantly inhibit cell death induced by LsPDI1 expression in plants. (A,B) Effects of the calcium ion inhibitor LaCl₃ on plant reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst (A) and cell death (B) induced by transient LsPDI1 overexpression. The 3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or Trypan blue staining detection was developed after LsPDI1-GFP was expressed transiently for 12 or 48 h, respectively (n = 3). LaCl₃ was added to resuspended Agrobacterium cultures bearing 1 mM plasmid for Nicotiana benthamiana leaf agroinfiltration. (C,D) Effects of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-XL and LsPDI1 or GFP and LsPDI1 co-expression on ROS burst (C) and cell death (D). DAB or Trypan blue staining detection was developed after LsPDI1-GFP was expressed transiently for 12 or 48 h, respectively (n = 3). Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were pre-infiltrated for 24 h with Agrobacterium cells bearing the Bcl-XL expression vector. (E) Effects of LaCl₃ on relative LUC activity induced by transient LsPDI1 expression in rice protoplasts (n = 6). An LUC assay system was developed after LsPDI1-GFP expressed transiently for 40 h. LaCl₃ was added to rice protoplasts transfected with 1 mM plasmid. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05). (F) Effects of Bcl-XL and LsPDI1 co-expression on relative LUC activity in rice protoplasts (n = 6). Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were pre-infiltrated for 24 h with Agrobacterium cells bearing the Bcl-XL expression vector. An LUC assay system was developed after LsPDI1-GFP expressed transiently for 40 h. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments according to Duncan’s multiple range test (P ≤ 0.05).