FIGURE 2.

Brain alterations found in genetic mouse models of hypercholesterolemia. In LDLr^–/– and ApoE^–/– mice, both genetic mouse models of hypercholesterolemia, were observed increased levels of plasma cholesterol, BBB disruption, neuroinflammation, synaptic and neuronal dysfunction, impaired neurogenesis, and ultimately, cognitive impairments. ApoE^–/–, apolipoprotein E knockout mice; BBB, blood-brain barrier; LDLr^–/–, low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice.