TABLE 3.
Results from multilevel modeling analyses for supervisor and employee ratings of supervisors’ health awareness, value and behavior predicting depression and anxiety symptoms.
| Depression | Anxiety | |
| Model 1 Health awareness | ||
| Level 1 (employee ratings) | ||
| Intercept | 4.704 (0.180)*** | 6.183 (0.169)*** |
| Employees’ age | 0.023 (0.011)* | −0.004 (0.011) |
| Employees’ gender | −0.657 (0.321)* | 0.148 (0.345) |
| Health awareness | −1.456 (0.132)*** | −1.248 (0.143)*** |
| Level 2 (supervisor ratings) | ||
| Supervisors’ age | 0.008 (0.016) | 0.012 (0.017) |
| Supervisors’ gender | −0.093 (0.334) | −0.074 (0.355) |
| Health awareness | 0.006 (0.281) | 0.223 (0.298) |
| Cross-level interaction | ||
| Health awareness × Health awareness | 0.173 (0.238) | −0.105 (0.255) |
| Variance components | ||
| Within-team (L1) variance | 12.682 | 14.220 |
| Intercept (L2) variance | 1.120 | 0.610 |
| Slope (L2) variance | 0.210 | 0.274 |
| Intercept-slope (L2) covariance | −0.285 | −0.046 |
| Model 2 Health value | ||
| Level 1 (employee ratings) | ||
| Intercept | 4.704 (0.180)*** | 6.183 (0.169)*** |
| Employees’ age | 0.027 (.011) | −0.001 (.011) |
| Employees’ gender | −0.725 (0.325) | 0.107 (0.350) |
| Health value | −1.218 (0.118)*** | −0.995 (0.127)*** |
| Level 2 (supervisor ratings) | ||
| Supervisors’ age | 0.008 (0.016) | 0.020 (0.017) |
| Supervisors’ gender | −0.421 (0.332) | −0.294 (0.349) |
| Health value | 0.502 (0.300) | 0.328 (0.318) |
| Cross-level interaction | ||
| Health value × Health value | 0.343 (0.281) | 0.497 (0.303) |
| Variance components | ||
| Within-team (L1) variance | 12.682 | 14.220 |
| Intercept (L2) variance | 1.120 | 0.610 |
| Slope (L2) variance | 0.248 | 0.269 |
| Intercept-slope (L2) covariance | −0.288 | −0.111 |
| Model 3 Health behavior | ||
| Level 1 (employee ratings) | ||
| Intercept | 4.704 (0.180)*** | 6.183 (0.169)*** |
| Employees’ age | 0.029 (0.011)* | 0.001 (0.012) |
| Employees’ gender | −0.707 (0.333) | 0.111 (0.355) |
| Health behavior | −1.114 (0.132)*** | −0.894 (0.141)*** |
| Level 2 (supervisor ratings) | ||
| Supervisors’ age | 0.009 (0.018) | 0.019 (0.018) |
| Supervisors’ gender | −0.360 (0.352) | −0.268 (0.368) |
| Health behavior | 0.256 (0.242) | 0.281 (0.254) |
| Cross-level interaction | ||
| Health behavior × Health behavior | −0.154 (0.191) | 0.197 (0.333) |
| Variance components | ||
| Within-team (L1) variance | 12.682 | 14.220 |
| Intercept (L2) variance | 1.120 | 0.610 |
| Slope (L2) variance | 0.319 | 0.252 |
| Intercept-slope (L2) covariance | −0.239 | −0.069 |
HoL, health oriented leadership; L1, level 1: n = 713 employees; L2, level 2: n = 99 supervisors (teams). Values in parentheses are standard errors. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.