Table 2.
Laboratory and chest CT findings in recovered patients with COVID-19
| Laboratory finding (normal range) | Total = 127 | Moderate (n = 82) | Severe or critically ill (n = 45) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) alanine aminotransferase, U/L (≤ 41) | 23 (15.0–36.5) | 23 (15.0–37.0) | 24.5 (17–36) | 0.652 |
| > 41 U/L | 21/123 (17%) | 15/81 (19%) | 6/42 (14%) | 0.554 |
| Median (IQR) aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (≤ 40) | 26 (20.0–35.0) | 26 (19.0–35.0) | 27 (21–34.8) | 0.719 |
| > 40 U/L | 18/123 (15%) | 12/81 (15%) | 6/42 (14%) | 0.937 |
| Median (IQR) total protein, g/L (60–80) | 64.3 (59.9–67.5) | 64.7 (60.2–68.0) | 63.1 (59.3–66.7) | 0.305 |
| < 60 g/L | 32/123 (26%) | 20/81 (25%) | 12/42 (29%) | 0.642 |
| Median (IQR) albumin, g/L (35.0–50.0) | 34.4 (31.2–37.6) | 35.7 (32.1–38.7) | 33.4 (27.4–35.6) | 0.002 |
| < 35 g/L | 65/123 (53%) | 35/81 (43%) | 30/42 (71%) | 0.003 |
| Median (IQR) total bilirubin, μmol/L (≤ 24) | 11.2 (8.5–14.4) | 10.9 (8.4–14) | 11.45 (9.08–17.43) | 0.185 |
| > 24 μmol/L | 1/123 (1%) | 0/81 | 1/42 (2%) | 0.341 |
| Median (IQR) direct bilirubin, μmol/L (≤ 7) | 1.4 (0.8–2) | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 1.3 (0.48–2.7) | 0.920 |
| > 7 μmol/L | 1/119 (1%) | 0/79 | 1/40 (3%) | 0.336 |
| Median (IQR) lactate dehydrogenase, U/L (114–250) | 218.5 (166.3–274.5) | 190 (164–256) | 252 (194–373) | 0.007 |
| > 350 U/L | 17/92 (18%) | 5/57 (9%) | 12/35 (34%) | 0.004 |
| Median (IQR) alkaline phosphatase, U/L (30–120) | 83 (68.3–100.8) | 88 (68.75–103.25) | 76 (64–92.3) | 0.080 |
| > 120 U/L | 12/110 (11%) | 10/76 (13%) | 2/34 (6%) | 0.336 |
| Median (IQR) blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L (1.8–7.3) | 4.2 (3.4–5.3) | 3.9 (3.4–5.1) | 4.7 (3.6–5.8) | 0.036 |
| > 7.3 mmol/L | 8/116 (7%) | 4/77 (5%) | 4/39 (10%) | 0.439 |
| Median (IQR) creatinine, μmol/L (53–106) | 61 (52–75.3) | 60 (51–78) | 64 (53.5–72.5) | 0.676 |
| < 53 μmol/L | 32/116 (28%) | 23/77 (30%) | 9/39 (23%) | 0.514 |
| > 106 μmol/L | 5/116 (4%) | 4/77 (5%) | 1/39 (3%) | 0.662 |
| Median (IQR) uric acid, μmol/L (208–428) | 279.5 (234–349) | 289 (250–366) | 263 (214–342.5) | 0.071 |
| > 428 μmol/L | 10/116 (9%) | 8/77 (10%) | 2/39 (5%) | 0.492 |
| Median (IQR) potassium, mmol/L (3.5–5.3) | 4.1 (3.7–4.4) | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 4.05 (3.7–4.33) | 0.476 |
| < 3.5 mmol/L | 8/116 (7%) | 4/76 (5%) | 4/40 (10%) | 0.444 |
| 3.5–5.3 mmol/L | 105/116 (91%) | 71/76 (93%) | 34/40 (85%) | 0.184 |
| > 5.3 mmol/L | 3/116 (2%) | 1/76 (1%) | 2/40 (5%) | 0.117 |
| Median (IQR) sodium, mmol/L (137–147) | 139.3 (137.2–141.2) | 139.6 (137.4–141.2) | 138.9 (137–141.23) | 0.499 |
| < 137 mmol | 22/116 (19%) | 12/76 (16%) | 10/40 (25%) | 0.229 |
| > 147 mmol | 1/116 (1%) | 1/76 (1%) | 0/40 | 1.000 |
| Median (IQR) interleukin-6, pg/mL (≤ 7) | 2.8 (1.5–8.18) | 1.7 (1.5–3.8) | 6.43 (3.13–11.7) | 0.001 |
| > 7 pg/mL | 18/63 (29%) | 9/43 (21%) | 9/20 (45%) | 0.049 |
| Median (IQR) NT-proBNP, ng/L (≤ 1800) | 151 (43.5–347.5) | 89 (34.5–232.75) | 208.5 (87–593) | 0.253 |
| > 1800 ng/L | 3/30 (10%) | 0/14 | 3/16 (19%) | 0.228 |
| Median (IQR) hypersensitive cardiac troponin I, μg/L (0.001–0.026) | 0.006 (0.003–0.009) | 0.005 (0.002–0.008) | 0.009 (0.005–0.013) | 0.017 |
| > 0.026 μg/L | 2/42 (5%) | 0/26 | 2/16 (13%) | 0.139 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L (0–5) | 64/114 (56%) | 47/73 (64%) | 17/41 (41%) | 0.008 |
| > 5 mg/L | 50/114 (44%) | 26/73 (36%) | 24/41 (59%) | 0.018 |
| Procalcitonin, μg/L (0–0.05) | 57/69 (83%) | 37/42 (88%) | 20/27 (74%) | 0.353 |
| > 0.05 μg/L | 12/69 (17%) | 5/42 (12%) | 7/27 (26%) | 0.194 |
| Chest CT findings | ||||
| Lung region distribution | 0.325 | |||
| Unilateral | 6 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Bilateral | 121 (95%) | 77 (94%) | 44 (98%) | |
| Degree of lung involvement | < 0.001 | |||
| < 25% | 60 (47%) | 51 (62%) | 9 (20%) | |
| 25–50% | 54 (43%) | 30 (37%) | 24 (53%) | |
| > 50% | 13 (10%) | 1 (1%) | 12 (27%) | |
| Transverse distribution | < 0.001 | |||
| Peripheral | 72 (57%) | 58 (71%) | 14 (31%) | |
| Diffuse | 55 (43%) | 24 (29%) | 31 (69%) | |
IQR (interquartile range) is given wherever necessary. Values are numbers (%) of patients with respective abnormalities unless otherwise indicated