PTEN deficiency attenuates the ability of AFAP1-AS1 to promote growth and metastasis of ccRCC cells. (A, B) The effect of shNC, shAF with or without siPTEN on growth of Caki-1 (A) and ACHN (B) cells at 24, 48, and 72 h was determined using CCK-8 assay. (C) Cell migration was measured in Caki-1 cells transfected with shNC, shAF with or without siPTEN through Transwell assays without Matrigel. (D) Cell invasion was measured in Caki-1 cells transfected with shNC, shAF with or without siPTEN using Transwell assays with Matrigel. (E, F) The effect of shAF with or without siPTEN on expression of EMT-related targets (including E-cadherin and vimentin), and PTEN, p-AKT, AKT, and PCNA were determined by Western blotting analysis. A significant difference between the shAF group and shAF plus siPTEN group was compared, *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001.