Table 1.
Description of the human experimental data used for model calibration and evaluation. tp: time to peak, rt50/rt90/rt95: time to 50/90/95% decay, APD50/APD90: action potential (AP) duration at 50/90% repolarisation. Calibration data are reported as Mean ± SEM. AP data are reported as [minimum maximum]. CaT data are reported as Median±STD.
| Reference | Tissue preparation | Data type | Biomarkers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calibration | Pieske et al. (1996) | Left ventricular trabeculae from non-failing hearts (paced at 1 Hz, 37 °C) | Active Tension (muscles were gradually stretched along their length-tension curve in 0.05 mm steps until maximum isometric tension was reached) | amplitude (mN/mm2): 13.7 ± 1.8 tp (ms): 165 ± 7 rt50 (ms): 116 ± 6 rt95 (ms): 334 ± 43 |
| Mulieri et al. (1992) | Biopsy strips of left ventricular myocardium of hearts from coronary artery bypass surgery (paced at 1.2 Hz, 37 °C) | Active Tension (muscles were gradually stretched in 0.05 mm increments to the length at which active twitch tension was maximum) | peak (mN/mm2): 22.8 ± 1.4 tp (ms): 157 ± 10 rt50 (ms): 117 ± 8 rt95 (ms): 477 ± 31 (time to complete relaxation) |
|
| Rossman et al. (2004) | Trabeculae from the right ventricular free wall of donor heart (paced at 0.5 or 2.5 Hz, 37 °C) | Active Tension (the final length was set at 80% of the difference between Lmax and L0, where an active developed force can first be identified) | developed force (mN/mm2): 16.7 ± 1.6 (0.5 Hz), 30.3 ± 4.6 (2 Hz) tp (ms): 235 ± 13.4 (0.5 Hz), 151 ± 6.1 (2 Hz) rt50 (ms): 153 ± 71 (0.5 Hz), 98 ± 7.7 (2 Hz) rt95 (ms): 309 ± 13.7 (0.5 Hz), 173 ± 10.7 (2 Hz) |
|
| Evaluation | Britton et al. (2017b) | Right ventricular trabeculae and papillary tissue preparations from non-failing human hearts, perfused and paced at 1 Hz | Action Potential | tp (ms): [3.1 14.0] APD50 (ms): [106.6 349.4] APD90 (ms): [178.1 442.7] |
| Coppini et al. (2013) | Viable single myocytes from septal specimens of control patients | Calcium Transient | tp (ms): 47.8 ± 10 rt50 (ms): 151.1 ± 89.2 rt90 (ms): 315.6 ± 161.2 |
|
| Lou et al. (2011) | Isolated left ventricular wedge preparations from non-failing human hearts | Electrophysiological Heterogeneity | AP repolarisation sequence: mid>endo>epi CaT repolarisation sequence: mid>endo>epi |
|
| Haynes et al. (2014) | Permeabilised sub-epicardial, mid-myocardial, and sub-endocardial specimens from left ventricular free wall of non-failing human hearts | Contractile Heterogeneity |
Isometric tension distribution: higher at mid-myocardium | |
| Nguyen et al. (2017) | Adult human primary ventricular myocytes isolated from donor hearts | Active Tension | Tension reduction under drug exposure | |
| Guo et al. (2011) | Isolated non-failing human ventricular endocardial myocytes | Action Potential | EADs formation under drug exposure | |
| Page et al. (2016) | Human ventricular trabeculae from ethically consented organ donors | Action Potential | APD prolongation and EADs formation under drug exposure | |
| O’Hara et al. (2011) | Nonfailing human hearts | Action Potential | AP-frequency dependence | |
| Schmidt et al. (1998) | Nonfailing human hearts | Intracellular Calcium Peak and Decay | CaT-frequency dependence | |
| Mulieri et al. (1992) | Biopsy strips of left ventricular myocardium of hearts from coronary artery bypass surgery (paced at 1.2 Hz, 37 °C) | Active Tension (muscles were gradually stretched in 0.05-mm increments to the length at which active twitch tension was maximum) | Force-frequency dependence | |
| Vahl et al. (1997) | Isolated intact human left ventricular myocardium from 8 normal donor hearts (paced at 1 Hz, 37 °C) | Developed Force (measured for L/Lmax between 0.8 and 1) | Length-dependence of developed force | |
| Holubarsch et al. (1998) | Human left ventricular non-failing preparations from 8 donor hearts (paced at 0.5 Hz, 37 °C). | Developed Force | Length-dependence of developed force |