Table 3.
Total and controlled direct effects of education on death or first onset of coronary heart diseasea.
| Unsecured debt over wealth as mediator |
Unsecured debt over income as mediator |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RD (95% CI) | |
| TE | 1.42 (1.25–1.62) | 1.23 (0.73–1.73) | 1.42 (1.25–1.62) | 1.23 (0.73–1.73) |
| Education → Mediatorsb | – | 254,414 (211,870–296,959) | – | 39,624 (35,471–43,777) |
| Mediators → Outcomec | 2 Vs 1: 1.52 (1.04–2.23) | 2 Vs 1: 0.93 (0.10, 1.77) | 2 Vs 1: 0.73 (0.33–1.61) | 2 Vs 1: 1.14 (−3.98, 1.69) |
| 3 Vs 1: 2.18 (1.30–3.67) | 3 Vs 1: 2.15 (0.36, 3.95) | 3 Vs 1: 0.79 (0.37–1.66) | 3 Vs 1: 0.90 (−3.66, 1.86) | |
| 4 Vs 1: 1.67 (1.10–2.54) | 4 Vs 1: 1.14 (0.07, 2.21) | 4 Vs 1: 0.83 (0.39–1.74) | 4 Vs 1: 0.66 (−3.47, 2.15) | |
| 5 Vs 1: 1.69 (1.16–2.49) | 5 Vs 1: 1.14 (0.25, 2.03) | 5 Vs 1: 0.78 (0.38–1.62) | 5 Vs 1: 0.97 (−3.71, 1.78) | |
| CDE | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | 0.37 (−0.42, 1.17) | 1.25 (1.01–1.54) | 0.73 (0.03, 1.44) |
TE = Total effects; CDE= Controlled direct effects using truncated weights (1st and 99th percentiles); RR = relative risks, and RD = difference in percentage points.
a
Rubin's rule was used to combine estimates across imputed datasets.
b
Risk differences were obtained through a linear model using total effect weights witTE, with high school or greater education as the reference.
c
Results were obtained through a log-binomial regression with CDE weights witCDE. Mediators were split in quintiles, and the lowest quintile (least indebted) was the reference.