Table 1.
Characteristics and outcome of the 580 infants who received antimicrobial therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit on July 1, 2019.
| Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <3 days old |
≥3 days old |
Total | |||||
| Country income | Low-to-Middle Income | High-Income | Total | Low-to-Middle Income | High-Income | Total | |
| No. of infants | 60 (60%) | 40 (40%) | 100 (17%) | 220 (46%) | 260 (54%) | 480 (83%) | 580 |
| Birth weight (grams, IQR) | 2680 (1720–3110) | 2208 (1575–3078) | 2400 (1680–3100) | 2253, 1200–2914 | 1350, 800–2460 | 1680 (995–2771) | 1800 (1060–2835) |
| ≤1000 | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 6/100 (6%) | 23 (18%) | 102 (82%) | 125/477 (26%) | 131/577 (23%) |
| 1001–1500 | 5 (42%) | 7 (58%) | 12/100 (12%) | 50 (54%) | 43 (46%) | 93/477 (20%) | 105/577 (18%) |
| 1501–2500 | 20 (63%) | 12 (38%) | 32/100 (32%) | 54 (51%) | 51 (49%) | 105/477 (22%) | 137/577 (24%) |
| ≥2501 | 32 (64%) | 18 (36%) | 50/100 (50%) | 91 (59%) | 63 (41%) | 154/477 (32%) | 204/577 (35%) |
| Chronologic age (days, IQR) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 10 (5–27) | 21 (9–61) | 16 (6–40) | 11 (4–33) |
| Gestational age (weeks, IQR) | 36 (32–39) | 34 (31–37) | 34 (32–38) | 34 (30–36) | 30 (26–36) | 32 (27–37) | 33 (28–37) |
| ≤28 weeks | 3 (33%) | 6 (67%) | 9/93 (10%) | 38 (26%) | 109 (74%) | 147/474 (31%) | 156/567 (28%) |
| 29–33 weeks | 14 (56%) | 11 (44%) | 25/93 (27%) | 59 (50%) | 58 (50%) | 117/474 (25%) | 142/567 (25%) |
| 34–36 weeks | 14 (54%) | 12 (46%) | 26/93 (28%) | 39 (50%) | 39 (50%) | 78/474 (16%) | 104/567 (18%) |
| ≥37 weeks | 22 (67%) | 11 (33%) | 33/93 (35%) | 79 (60%) | 53 (40%) | 132/474 (28%) | 165/567 (29%) |
| Sex, male | 33 (63%) | 19 (37%) | 52 (52%) | 132 (46%) | 156 (54%) | 288 (60%) | 340 (59%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White | 1 (4%) | 25 (96%) | 26 (26%) | 1 (1%) | 138 (99%) | 139 (29%) | 165 (28%) |
| Black | 29 (100%) | 0 | 29 (29%) | 106 (82%) | 23 (18%) | 129 (27%) | 158 (27%) |
| Hispanic | 16 (76%) | 5 (24%) | 21 (21%) | 81 (64%) | 45 (36%) | 126 (26%) | 147 (25%) |
| Asian | 5 (50%) | 5 (50%) | 10 (10%) | 12 (50%) | 12 (50%) | 24 (5%) | 34 (6%) |
| Other | 4 (57%) | 3 (43%) | 7 (7%) | 14 (33%) | 29 (67%) | 43 (9%) | 50 (9%) |
| Unknown | 5 (71%) | 2 (29%) | 7 (7%) | 6 (32%) | 13 (68%) | 19 (4%) | 26 (4%) |
| MDRO colonization | |||||||
| MRSA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%) | 4 (1%) | 4 (1%) |
| VRE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| CRE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| ESBL-Enterobacteriaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 (88%) | 8 (12%) | 15 (3%) | 15 (3%) |
| Respiratory support | |||||||
| None | 26 (62%) | 16 (38%) | 42/91 (46%) | 92 (56%) | 71 (44%) | 163/454 (36%) | 204/545 (38%) |
| Any | 27 (55%) | 22 (45%) | 49/91 (54%) | 112 (38%) | 179 (62%) | 291/454 (64%) | 340/545 (62%) |
| Nasal cannula | 15 (94%) | 1 (6%) | 16 (18%) | 45 (61%) | 29 (39%) | 74 (15%) | 90 (17%) |
| CPAP | 4 (29%) | 10 (71%) | 14 (15%) | 29 (37%) | 49 (63%) | 78 (16%) | 92 (16%) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 8 (42%) | 11 (58%) | 19 (21%) | 37 (28%) | 94 (72%) | 131 (27%) | 150 (26%) |
| Tracheostomy | 0 | 0 | 0 (0%) | 1 (13%) | 7 (88%) | 8 (2%) | 8 (1%) |
| Central venous catheter | 8 (32%) | 18 (72%) | 26 (26%) | 61 (29%) | 151 (72%) | 212 (44%) | 238 (41%) |
| Urinary catheter | 0 | 4 (100%) | 4 (4%) | 6 (19%) | 25 (81%) | 31 (6%) | 35 (6%) |
| Probiotic | 1 (25%) | 3 (75%( | 4 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 27 (87%) | 31 (6%) | 35 (6%) |
| Lactoferrin | 0 | 1 (100%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 8 (100%) | 8 (2%) | 9 (2%) |
| Acid suppression medication | 4 (100%) | 0 | 4 (4%) | 11 (26%) | 31 (74%) | 42 (9%) | 46 (8%) |
| Mortality-30 day | 3 (60%) | 2 (40%) | 5 (5%) | 13 (46%) | 15 (54%) | 28 (6%) | 33 (6%) |
| Infection-related | 1 (33%) | 2 (67%) | 3 (60%) | 6 (55%) | 5 (45%) | 11 (39%) | 14 (42%) |
IQR, interquartile range; MDRO, multi-drug resistant organism; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci; CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; ESBL, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.