Table 3.
Pathogens detected in blood and urine of the 580 infants who received antimicrobial therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit on July 1, 2019.
| Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <3 Days Old |
≥3 Days Old |
Total | |||||
| Country income | Low-to-Middle Income | High Income | Total | Low-to-Middle Income | High Income | Total | |
| No. of infants | 60 (60%) | 40 (40%) | 100 (17%) | 220 | 260 | 480 (83%) | 580 |
| No. of pathogens in blood: | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 6 (6%) | 46 | 59 | 105 (22%) | 111 (19%) |
| Gram-positive | 2 (50%) | 2 (50%) | 4 (67%) | 17 | 31 | 48 (46%) | 52 (47%) |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)* | 0 | 2 | 2 (33%) | 8 | 22 | 30 (29%) | 32 (29%) |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 (8%) | 8 (7%) |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 2 | 0 | 2 (33%) | 1 | 4 | 5 (5%) | 7 (6%) |
| Group B Streptococcus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Bacillus cereus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Gram-negative | 1 | 1 | 2 (33%) | 23 | 20 | 43 (47%) | 45 (41%) |
| Klebsiella spp* | 1 | 0 | 1 (17%) | 11 | 12 | 23 (22%) | 24 (22%) |
| E. coli | 0 | 1 | 1 (17%) | 3 | 3 | 6 (6%) | 7 (6%) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 (4%) | 4 (4%) |
| Enterobacter cloacae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 (3%) | 3 (3%) |
| Serratia marcescens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Acinetobacter species | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Alcaligenes faecalis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Fungi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 (%) | 5 (5%) |
| Candida parapsilosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 (3%) | 3 (3%) |
| Candida albicans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Yeast not identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Polymicrobial | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 8 (8%) | 8 (7%) |
| E. coli, CoNS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 (2%) | 2 (2%) |
| C. albicans, C. lusitaniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| S. maltophilia, CoNS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| C. albicans, K. pneumoniae* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, CoNS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| B. pertussis, S. pneumoniae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| Enterovirus* | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) |
| No. of pathogens in urine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 19 | 31 (6%) | 31 (5%) |
| Gram-positive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| Enterococcus spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| Gram-negative | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 13 | 25 (81%) | 25 (81%) |
| Klebsiella spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 12 (39%) | 12 (39%) |
| E. coli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 7 (23%) | 7 (23%) |
| Enterobacter spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 (10%) | 3 (10%) |
| P. aeruginosa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 (6%) | 2 (6%) |
| Gram negative bacilli, not yet identified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| Fungi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| C. albicans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| Polymicrobial | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 (13%) | 4 (13%) |
| Klebsiella. spp., Enterococcus spp., S. aureus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| E. coli, CoNS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
| E. coli, Enterococcus spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) |
⁎
Same pathogen also was detected in cerebrospinal fluid: 2, Klebsiella pneumoniae; 1, CoNS; 1, enterovirus
~Pathogens in polymicrobial cultures are not included in the listing of single isolates.