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. 2021 Jan 28;26(4):1900762. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.4.1900762

Table 2. Hospitalised Bordetella pertussis cases aged < 1 year by age group, sex, laboratory components, clinical presentation, most likely source of infection and severity criteria, PERTINENT study, Europe, 1 December 2015–31 December 2018 (n = 469 cases).

Characteristic Cases
(all < 1 year old)
(n = 469)
Cases
0–3 months old
(n = 354)
Cases
4–11 months old
(n = 115)
p value
Number % Number % Number %
Demographic
Sex (n = 469) Female 222 47.3 165 46.6 57 49.6 0.593
Male 247 52.7 189 53.4 58 50.4
Laboratory components
Nasopharyngeal specimen collection (n = 448) Aspirate only 346 77.2 252 75.4 94 82.5 0.321
Swab only 80 17.9 64 19.2 16 14.0
Both 22 4.9 18 5.4 4 3.5
PCR (n = 465) Positive 465 100.0 351 100.0 114 100.0 NA
Negative 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Culture (n = 211)a Positive 108 51.2 89 51.7 19 48.7 0.859
Negative 103 48.8 83 48.3 20 51.3
Clinical presentation
Cough (n = 469) Yes 456 97.2 342 96.6 114 99.1 0.202
No 13 2.8 12 3.4 1 0.9
Cough with paroxysms (n = 456) Yes 393 86.2 298 87.1 95 83.3 0.347
No 63 13.8 44 12.9 19 16.7
Whooping cough (n = 269) Yes 122 45.4 91 47.2 31 40.8 0.415
No 147 54.6 102 52.8 45 59.2
Post-tussive vomiting (n = 449) Yes 219 48.8 164 48.7 55 49.1 1.000
No 230 51.2 173 51.3 57 50.9
Apnoea (n = 466) Yes 235 50.4 193 55.0 42 36.5 0.001
No 231 49.6 158 45.0 73 63.5
Cyanosis (n = 467) Yes 239 51.2 192 54.5 47 40.9 0.013
No 228 48.8 160 45.5 68 59.1
Epidemiological link (n = 457) Yes 167 36.5 124 35.8 43 38.7 0.651
No 290 63.5 222 64.2 68 61.3
Diagnosis by a clinician (n = 469) Yes 368 78.5 275 77.7 93 80.9 0.516
No 101 21.5 79 22.3 22 19.1
Reported source of infection
Mother (n = 424) Yes 106 25.0 88 27.5 18 17.3 0.038
No 318 75.0 232 72.5 86 82.7
Father (n = 419) Yes 82 19.6 66 21.0 16 15.4 0.255
No 337 80.4 249 79.0 88 84.6
Sibling (n = 416) Yes 128 30.8 102 32.8 26 24.8 0.143
No 288 69.2 209 67.2 79 75.2
Grandparents (n = 409) Yes 41 10.0 33 10.8 8 7.7 0.451
No 368 90.0 272 89.2 96 92.3
Caregiver (n = 240) Yes 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 NA
No 240 100.0 175 100.0 65 100.0
Severity criteria
Death (n = 466) Yes 5 1.1 5 1.4 0 0.0 0.340
No 461 98.9 346 98.6 115 100.0
ICU (n = 330) Yes 83 25.2 80 31.5 3 3.9 0.000
No 247 74.8 174 68.5 73 96.1
ECMO (n = 336) Yes 7 2.1 7 2.7 0 0.0 0.360
No 329 97.9 251 97.3 78 100.0
Pneumonia (n = 327) Yes 14 4.3 12 4.8 2 2.7 0.745
No 313 95.7 240 95.2 73 97.3
Encephalopathy (n = 327) Yes 3 0.9 3 1.2 0 0.0 1.000
No 324 99.1 249 98.8 75 100.0
Seizure (n = 328) Yes 10 3.0 8 3.2 2 2.7 1.000
No 318 97.0 245 96.8 73 97.3
Eating difficulties (n = 269) Yes 62 23.0 50 25.4 12 16.7 0.144
No 207 77.0 147 74.6 60 83.3
Kidney failure (n = 267) Yes 4 1.5 4 2.0 0 0.0 0.576
No 263 98.5 192 98.0 71 100.0
Dehydration (n = 300) Yes 12 4.0 11 4.8 1 1.4 0.305
No 288 96.0 216 95.2 72 98.6

ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU: intensive care unit; PERTINENT: Pertussis in Infants European Network.

a Cultures were done for 255 cases, but the results were only available for 211 cases.

Number of cases presented for the different characteristics are those with information available.