Figure 3.

Effects of (+)-betulin on NF-κB signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were treated 5 h with (+)-betulin (0–50 mM) or rocaglamide used as the positive control (3μM). Western blotting was performed to evaluate: (A) NF-kB p50 and (B) p65; (C), IKKα and (D) IKKβ; and (E) ICAM-1 protein expression. Data are expressed as the means±SEM (n=3) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA using Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.01) of three independent assays.