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. 2021 Feb 1;21:62. doi: 10.1186/s12887-021-02518-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — a A forest plot of the association between cesarean section (CS) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in total study samples; b Adjusted odds ratios and two-sided 95% confidence intervals of ASD following CS compared with vaginal delivery in different anesthesia regimen subgroups (regional anesthesia [RA] vs. general anesthesia [GA]); c Adjusted odds ratios and two-sided 95% confidence intervals of ASD following CS compared with vaginal delivery in different surgery indication subgroups (emergency CS, voluntary CS and indicated CS). Gray dashed horizontal lines separate the results of different stratification analyses. Adjusted odds ratio for CS was estimated from logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors (e.g., parity number, past miscarriage history, subject’s sex and age, and past miscarriage history*CS). Adjusted odds ratio for different surgery indication was adjusted for confounding factors (parity number, past miscarriage history, children’s sex and age). Adjusted odds ratio for anesthesia regimen was adjusted for confounding factors (parity number, past miscarriage history, infant’s weight and children’s sex and age)