TABLE 3.

Methodology and results of pharmacoeconomic evaluations by cost minimization analysis.

Study	Country	Reference	Time horizon	Evaluation base	Sample size	Cost ratio	Cost saving ($)	Sensitivity analysis	Cost type and source
G-CSF biosimilars vs. G-CSF
McBride et al. a (McBride et al., 2020)	United States	Filgrastim	1 cycle	Hypothetical cohort	20,000	68.10%	1,221.0/patient/cycle	—	D: official database; A: official database; C: official database
Bongiovanni et al. a . (Bongiovanni et al., 2017)	Italy	Filgrastim	4 cycles	Retrospective cohort	45	21.0%	660.7/patient/cycle	—	D: official database
McBride et al. a (McBride et al., 2017)	United States	Filgrastim	1 cycle	Hypothetical cohort	20,000	76.9%	327.0–916.0/patient/cycle	Days of in one cycle (5–14 days b )	D: official database
Sun et al. a (Sun et al., 2015)	5 EU countries	Filgrastim	1 cycle	Hypothetical cohort	10,000	74.5%	610.2/patient/cycle	Uptake rate of biosimilars (10%–50% c )	D: official database
Ianotto et al. d (Ianotto et al., 2014)	France	Filgrastim	—	Retrospective cohort	115	21.3%–24.5%	568.0–647.7/patient/cycle	—	D: official database
Aapro et al. a (Aapro et al., 2012a; Aapro et al., 2012b)	5 EU countries	Filgrastim	1 cycle	Individual level	—	74.5%	610.5/patient/cycle	—	D: official database
EPO biosimilars vs. EPO
Valentina et al. a (Valentina et al., 2016)	Italy	Epoetin α	4 weeks	Individual level	69	51.0%	104.9/patient/week	—	D: official database
Aapro et al. a (Aapro et al., 2012a; Aapro et al., 2012b)	5 EU countries	Epoetin α	6 cycles	Individual level	—	64.8%–86.2%	220.0–563.1/patient/cycle	—	D: official database
MAB biosimilars vs. MAB
Giuliani et al. d (Giuliani and Bonetti, 2019)	Italy	Rituximab	1 month	Randomized control trial	2,362	60.5%	322.4/patient/month	—	D: official database
		Trastuzumab				59.4%	3,862.4–7,423.5/patient/month
Mehta et al. a (Mehta and Hay, 2014)	United States	Bevacizumab	Lifetime	Hypothetical cohort	1,000	81.0%–86.0%	17,517.0–38,923.0/patient	—	D: official database; C: literature; I: literatures

^aNote: perspective: payer.

^bInputting parameters based on data from literature.

^cInputting parameters based on assumption without foundation. D: drug cost; A: administration cost; C: condition-related cost; I: indirect cost.

^dUnspecified. Indication: G-CSF biosimilars: febrile neutropenia; EPO biosimilars: anemia; MAB biosimilars: rituximab for follicular lymphoma, trastuzumab for breast cancer, and bevacizumab for advanced ovarian cancer. — means no reporting.