Table 1.
Characteristics of 107,832 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members presenting with rash, aged 0-89 years, January through March 2017, %
| Characteristic | Department of first visit | Outcome = first visit in dermatology (N = 107,832) | Outcome = follow-up visit in dermatology | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary care (N = 106,489) | Dermatology (N = 1,343) | First visit in primary care (N = 106,489) | First visit in dermatology (N = 1373) | |||||
| % | % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Initial diagnosis | ||||||||
| Acne | 16 | 25 | 2.8 | 2.4-3.2 | 0.9 | 0.8-1.0 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.4 |
| Bullous | <1 | 2 | 8.3 | 5.2-13.2 | 1.9 | 1.3-2.7 | 1.8 | 0.6-5.4 |
| Hair | 3 | 5 | 3.4 | 2.6-4.4 | 3.0 | 2.6-3.3 | 2.2 | 1.2-4.2 |
| Infection | 24 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.2-0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3-0.4 | 0.6 | 0.2-1.7 |
| Inflammatory | 40 | 22 | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| Pigment | 1 | 7 | 10.3 | 8.1-13.1 | 2.1 | 1.8-2.6 | 1.2 | 0.7-2.3 |
| Psoriasis | 2 | 4 | 2.0 | 1.4-2.7 | 2.2 | 1.9-2.4 | 0.6 | 0.2-1.7 |
| Other | 7 | 15 | 4.8 | 4.0-5.7 | 1.0 | 0.9-1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5-1.4 |
| Multiple | 6 | 17 | 3.2 | 2.7-3.9 | 1.5 | 1.4-1.7 | 1.6 | 1.0-2.6 |
| Age (y) | ||||||||
| 0-17 | 27 | 14 | 0.7 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6-0.7 | 1.3 | 0.8-2.2 |
| 18-29 | 17 | 17 | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| 30-49 | 28 | 33 | 1.2 | 1.0-1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0-1.1 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.3 |
| 50-69 | 22 | 29 | 1.1 | 0.9-1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0-1.2 | 0.8 | 0.5-1.3 |
| 70-89 | 6 | 8 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9-1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1-0.8 |
| Sex/gender | ||||||||
| Female | 56 | 63 | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| Male | 44 | 37 | 0.9 | 0.8-1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0-1.1 | 0.8 | 0.6-1.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Asian-American | 21 | 20 | 0.9 | 0.8-1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7-0.9 | 1.2 | 0.8-1.8 |
| African-American | 7 | 7 | 1.0 | 0.8-1.3 | 1.0 | 0.9-1.1 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.6 |
| Hispanic | 24 | 20 | 0.7 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7-0.9 | 1.4 | 1.0-2.1 |
| White | 40 | 44 | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
| Other/missing | 9 | 8 | 1.0 | 0.8-1.2 | 0.9 | 0.8-1.0 | 0.8 | 0.4-1.5 |
| History of dermatological diagnosisa | ||||||||
| Any chronic | 11 | 42 | 6.2 | 5.5-7.0 | 1.5 | 1.4-1.6 | 1.1 | 0.8-1.5 |
| Acute, not chronic | 3 | 9 | 3.8 | 3.1-4.6 | 1.2 | 1.1-1.4 | 1.7 | 1.1-2.8 |
| None | 86 | 50 | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] | 1.0 | [Reference] |
a History of dermatological diagnosis was categorized as chronic (acne, inflammatory, psoriasis, skin cancer, actinic keratosis); acute, not chronic (bullous, hair, infectious, pigmentation, other conditions, or seborrheic keratosis); or none, in that order, based on 10-year history of primary care and dermatology diagnoses available in the electronic medical record.