TABLE 2.
Descriptive statistics of all study variables by time for each group with ANOVA results.
| Measures | Experimental group |
Control group |
ANOVA resultsa |
|||||||||||
| Pre-test |
Post-test |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Group |
Time |
Time × Group |
||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | Partial eta-square | F | Partial eta-square | F | Partial eta-square | |
| Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) | ||||||||||||||
| Fear of death | 4.35 | 1.52 | 3.67 | 1.64 | 4.88 | 1.25 | 4.72 | 1.32 | 6.66* | 0.08 | 18.59*** | 0.19 | 7.02* | 0.08 |
| Death avoidance | 4.02 | 1.67 | 3.30 | 1.60 | 3.94 | 1.67 | 4.05 | 1.51 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 4.66* | 0.06 | 8.77** | 0.10 |
| Neutral acceptance | 5.09 | 1.35 | 5.47 | 1.08 | 5.12 | 0.87 | 5.10 | 1.02 | 0.54 | 0.01 | 4.07* | 0.05 | 5.12* | 0.06 |
| Approach acceptance | 3.06 | 1.30 | 3.04 | 1.37 | 3.48 | 1.33 | 3.61 | 1.44 | 2.90 | 0.04 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 0.82 | 0.01 |
| Escape acceptance | 3.12 | 1.38 | 3.25 | 1.59 | 3.46 | 1.59 | 3.18 | 1.47 | 2.75 | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.01 | 2.75 | 0.03 |
| Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS) | ||||||||||||||
| Autonomy | 4.13 | 0.88 | 4.16 | 0.86 | 4.00 | 0.79 | 4.05 | 0.88 | 0.42 | 0.01 | 0.37 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| Environmental mastery | 3.95 | 0.82 | 3.93 | 0.89 | 3.55 | 0.91 | 3.53 | 1.03 | 4.34* | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Personal growth | 4.71 | 0.69 | 4.71 | 0.65 | 4.78 | 0.62 | 4.72 | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.00 |
| Positive relations with others | 4.45 | 0.82 | 4.38 | 0.80 | 4.41 | 0.91 | 4.21 | 0.98 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 4.58* | 0.05 | 1.20 | 0.02 |
| Purpose in life | 3.93 | 0.89 | 3.93 | 0.84 | 3.76 | 0.92 | 3.96 | 0.90 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 2.09 | 0.03 | 2.09 | 0.03 |
| Self-acceptance | 3.89 | 1.01 | 3.92 | 1.07 | 3.46 | 1.03 | 3.51 | 1.14 | 3.38 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
| Resilience Scale for Adolescents (READ) | ||||||||||||||
| Family cohesion | 3.64 | 0.92 | 3.54 | 0.95 | 3.55 | 1.06 | 3.63 | 1.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.81 | 0.02 |
| Social competence | 3.51 | 0.90 | 3.51 | 0.77 | 3.36 | 0.84 | 3.30 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.00 |
| Personal competence | 3.42 | 0.91 | 3.43 | 0.84 | 3.20 | 0.73 | 3.17 | 0.87 | 1.98 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
| Social resources | 3.88 | 0.93 | 3.82 | 0.88 | 3.86 | 0.91 | 3.76 | 0.91 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 1.44 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 |
| Goal orientation | 3.86 | 0.71 | 3.93 | 0.73 | 3.87 | 0.69 | 3.78 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.52 | 0.02 |
| Self-Trascendence Scale (STS) | ||||||||||||||
| STS total score | 3.15 | 0.48 | 3.22 | 0.42 | 3.06 | 0.31 | 3.09 | 0.31 | 1.92 | 0.02 | 2.19 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.00 |
| Testoni Death Representation Scale (TDRS) | ||||||||||||||
| TDRS total score | 3.35 | 0.78 | 3.20 | 0.80 | 3.09 | 0.87 | 3.09 | 0.82 | 1.23 | 0.02 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.91 | 0.01 |
aDegrees of freedom are 1 and 80 for all F test.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.