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. 2021 Jan;31(1):110–120. doi: 10.1101/gr.256636.119

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© 2021 Zhen et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 2. — Log-likelihood (LL) surfaces for p⁺ and s⁺ for different species: (A) human; (B) D. melanogaster; and (C) mouse. (D) The constrained model (H0), in which p⁺ and s⁺ are constrained to be the same across all three taxa. LLs are calculated using a grid search method of log₁₀(s⁺) in the range of −5 to −2 and p⁺ in the range of 0%–7.5%. Blue denotes human; red, D. melanogaster; and green, mouse. The large points represent the MLE for each species; the black cross in panel D represents the MLE of the constrained model; and the lighter colors show grid points within three LL units of each MLE. The Complex model is used for each species, and we use the chimpanzee as the outgroup for humans.