Table 1. Terminology used in the analyses of seafood mislabeling and substitution.

For each term, we provide a brief detailed explanation.

Term	Explanation
Verbal sample number	Number of samples analyzed under the commercial name of the focal species, as communicated by vendor.
Correctly labeled samples	Number of times samples sold as the focal species were correctly labeled.
Mislabeling frequency	Number of times samples sold as the focal species were mislabeled (Fig. 1A).
Mislabeling percentage	Percentage of mislabeled samples relative to the verbal sample number.
Mislabeling diversity	Number of different species sold under the name of the focal species. Used as a proxy for market demand (Fig. 1A).
Substitutability frequency	Number of times samples from the focal species were used as substitutes for other species (Fig. 1B). Used as a proxy for market demand.
Substitutability diversity	The number of different species that the focal species substituted (Fig. 1B). Used as a proxy for market demand.
Confirmed samples	Correctly labeled samples + substitutability frequency. This is the real number of samples genetically identified for the species associated with the commercial name, after considering mislabeling and the use of the species as substitute. Used as a proxy for net availability of a species in the market.
Over/sub-representation	Difference between the verbal sample number and the number of confirmed samples.
Percentage of over/ sub-representation	Percentage of the difference between the verbal sample number and the number of confirmed samples.