TABLE 3.
Antileishmanial activity of chalcones.
| Chalcones/source | Type of study | Tested effects Parasite | Ref | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Licochalcone/natural | In vitro | L. donovani promastigotes amastigote form of L. major | IC50 = 2.4 μg/ml | (Chen et al., 1993) | ||||
| 2′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone (DMC, 2)/natural | In vitro | L. amazonensis promastigotes | Damages of cell ultrastructure IC50 = 50 μg/ml: Damage to amastigote mitochondria IC50 = 40 μg/ml: Damage to promastigote mitochondria | (Torres-Santos et al., 1999) | ||||
| Dihydrochalcones, 2′,6′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxydihydrochalcone 4/natural | In vitro | L. infantum promastigotes | IC50 = 15.30 μg/ml | (Hermoso et al., 2003) | ||||
| 2',6',4-trihydroxy-4′-methoxydihydro chalcone (5)/natural | In vitro | L. tropica promastigotes L. infantum promastigotes | IC50 = 3.82 μg/ml IC50 = 6.35 μg/ml | (Hermoso et al., 2003) | ||||
| Chalcones from Psorothamnus arborescens (A.Gray) barneby/natural | In vitro | L. donovani amastigotes | IC50 = 5.0 μg/ml | (Salem and Werbovetz, 2005) | ||||
| Isoliquiritigenin/natural | In vitro | L. donovani amastigotes | IC50 = 5.30 μg/ml | (Salem and Werbovetz, 2006) | ||||
| Chalcone from Lonchocarpus guatemalensis benth/natural | In vitro | L. braziliensis promastigotes | IC50 = 10 μg/ml | (Borges-Argaez et al., 2007) | ||||
| Chalcone-triclosan hybrids/semisynthetic | In vitro | L. panamensis | IC50 = 9.4 ± 1.3 μM | (Otero et al., 2014) | ||||
| 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone 35/synthesized | In vitro | L. amazonensis promastigotes | IC50 = 0.4 μM | (Passalacqua et al., 2015) | ||||
| Methoxychalcones/synthesized | In vitro | L. braziliensis promastigote | IC50 < 10 μM | (Bello et al., 2011) | ||||
| (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-penta-1,4-dien-3- one/synthesized | In vitro | L. (Viannia) braziliensis | IC50 = 1.38 ± 1.08 μM | (de Mello et al., 2014) | ||||
| (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(phenyl)-penta-1,4-dien-3-one/synthesized | In vitro | L. (Viannia) braziliensis | IC50 = 5.88 ± 1.35 μM | (de Mello et al., 2014) | ||||
| (2E)-1-phenyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1- one/synthesized | In vitro | L. (Viannia) braziliensis | IC50 = 6.36 ± 2.04 μM | (de Mello et al., 2014) | ||||
| (2E)-1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)- prop-2-en-1-one/synthesized | In vitro | L. (Viannia) braziliensis | IC50 = 5.69 ± 0.20 μM | (de Mello et al., 2014) | ||||
| Chalcone 22 Chromenochalcones/synthesized | In vivo | L. donovani/hamster model | 50 mg/kg/day→↓parasites 48.53 ± 10.43% on day 7 post treatment | (Gupta et al., 2014) | ||||
| Chalcone 37 Chromenochalcones/synthesized | In vivo | L. donovani/hamster model | 50 mg/kg, for10 days→ ↓parasites (83.32 ± 12.37%) | (Gupta et al., 2014) | ||||
| Chalcone-triclosan hybrids/semisynthetic | In vitro | L. panamensis | IC50 = 9.4 ± 1.4 μg/ml | (Otero et al., 2014) | ||||