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. 2020 May 15;16(5):785–801. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8318

Figure 4. Sleepiness outcomes in adult studies.

Figure 4.

(A) Overall ESS index improved but not statistically significantly (P = .062) in OSA adults receiving respiratory muscle therapy (improvement in sleepiness is demonstrated by a lower ESS). (B) Overall PSQI index improved significantly in OSA adults receiving respiratory muscle therapy (P = .026). Improvement in sleep quality was demonstrated by lower PSQI scores. CI = confidence interval, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.