TABLE 1.
Summary demographic characteristics of the studies examining the effects of AT, RT, and CExT modalities on subcutaneous abdominal fat1
| First author (reference); year | Study population | % Male | % Female | Sample size, n | Mean age, y | Mean BMI, kg/m2 | Mean weight, kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacchi et al. (27); 2013 | Sedentary subjects with type 2 diabetes | AT: 71RT: 70 | AT: 29RT: 30 | AT: 14RT: 17 | AT: 55.6RT: 56 | AT: 30.5RT: 28.8 | NR |
| Binder et al. (32); 2005 | Older sedentary with physical frailty | 0 | 100 | C: 38RT: 53 | C: 83RT: 83 | C: 26RT: 27 | C: 71RT: 77 |
| Boudou et al. (33); 2003 | Middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes | 100 | 0 | C: 8AT: 8 | C: 47.9AT: 42.9 | C: 30.85AT: 28.3 | C: 86.9AT: 90.4 |
| Brochu et al. (34); 2009 | Postmenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 71RT: 36 | C: 58RT: 57.2 | C: 32.2RT: 32.6 | C: 83.6RT: 84.1 |
| Brown et al. (35); 2016 | Women with high risk for breast cancer | 39 | 61 | C: 13AT: 14 | NR | C: 29.2AT: 29.5 | C: 83.7AT: 86.2 |
| Brown et al. (35); 2016 | Women with high risk for breast cancer | 39 | 61 | C: 13AT: 12 | NR | C: 29.2AT: 32.5 | C: 83.7AT: 92.2 |
| Carr et al. (36); 2005 | Subjects with impaired glucose tolerance | C: 17AT: 12 | C: 83AT: 88 | C: 32AT: 30 | C: 57.2AT: 55.7 | C: 26.6AT: 25.7 | C: 69.7AT: 66.5 |
| Choi et al. (37); 2012 | Korean women | 0 | 100 | C: 15AT: 15 | C: 45.4AT: 45.4 | C: 26.1AT: 25.6 | C: 63AT: 64.4 |
| Choi et al. (37); 2012 | Korean women | 0 | 100 | C: 15AT: 15 | C: 45.4AT: 45.4 | C: 26.1AT: 25.1 | C: 63AT: 63.2 |
| Choi et al. (37); 2012 | Patients with type 2 diabetes | 0 | 100 | C: 37AT: 38 | C: 55AT: 53.8 | C: 26.8AT: 26.8 | C: 64.9AT: 64.6 |
| Christiansen et al. (38); 2009 | Obese men and women | 50 | 50 | C: 19AT: 21 | C: 35.6AT: 37.5 | C: 35.3AT: 34.2 | C: 107.8AT: 105.8 |
| Cuff et al. (23); 2003 | Obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes | 0 | 100 | C: 9CExT: 10AT: 9 | C: 60CExT: 63.4AT: 59.4 | C: 36.7CExT: 33.3AT: 32.5 | C: 95.6CExT: 89.5AT: 81.2 |
| DiPietro et al. (39); 1998 | Healthy older men and women | NR | NR | C: 7AT: 9 | C: 73AT: 72 | C: 26.8AT: 27.5 | C: 69AT: 65 |
| Donnelly et al. (40); 2003 | Sedentary overweight and moderately obese | 0 | 100 | C: 18AT: 25 | C: 21AT: 24 | C: 29.3AT: 28.7 | C: 79.9AT: 77 |
| Donnelly et al. (40); 2003 | Sedentary overweight and moderately obese | 100 | 0 | C: 15AT: 16 | C: 24AT: 22 | C: 29AT: 29.7 | C: 94.1AT: 94 |
| Drapeau et al. (41); 2011 | Overweight and obese postmenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 22RT: 24 | C: 58.5RT: 58 | C: 32.1RT: 32.9 | C: 82.5RT: 84.4 |
| Fisher et al. (29); 2011 | Healthy premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 29AT: 43RT: 54 | NR | C: 28AT: 28RT: 28 | C: 78AT: 77RT: 78 |
| Fisher et al. (29); 2011 | Healthy premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 24AT: 32RT: 41 | NR | C: 28AT: 28RT: 28 | C: 79AT: 75RT: 78 |
| Friedenreich et al. (42); 2011 | Normal-weight to obese postmenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 160AT: 160 | C: 60.6AT: 61.2 | C: 29.2AT: 29.1 | C: 76.3AT: 75.6 |
| García-Unciti et al. (43); 2012 | Obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 9RT: 13 | C: 50.2RT: 48.6 | C: 35RT: 35 | C: 88.9RT: 90.2 |
| Hays et al. (44); 2006 | Older men and women | 40 | 60 | C: 11AT: 11 | C: 67.5AT: 64.8 | C: 31AT: 30.8 | C: 89.6AT: 82.9 |
| Henríquez et al. (45); 2017 | Sedentary women | 0 | 100 | AT: 18RT: 16 | AT: 58RT: 55 | AT: 30.6RT: 30.8 | AT: 75RT: 77.1 |
| Houghton et al. (46); 2017 | Patients with sedentary lifestyles and NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) | NR | NR | C: 12CExT: 12 | C: 51CExT: 54 | C: 33CExT: 33 | C: 94CExT: 90 |
| Houghton et al. (46); 2017 | Patients who were overweight or obese and consuming alcohol | NR | NR | C: 14CExT: 13 | C: 56CExT: 51 | C: 31CExT: 33 | NR |
| Hunter et al. (47); 2010 | Healthy premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 30AT: 18RT: 21 | C: 34.8AT: 34.7RT: 34.1 | C: 23.9AT: 23.5RT: 23.9 | C: 65AT: 62.8RT: 66 |
| Ibáñez et al. (48); 2010 | Obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 12RT: 13 | C: 51.4RT: 48.6 | C: 34.6RT: 35 | C: 88RT: 90.2 |
| Irving et al. (72); 2008 | Obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 7AT: 11 | C: 51AT: 51 | C: 32.7AT: 34.7 | C: 89.6AT: 97.2 |
| Irving et al. (72); 2008 | Obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 7AT: 9 | C: 51AT: 51 | C: 32.7AT: 34.7 | C: 89.6AT: 93.5 |
| Irving et al. (49); 2009 | Obese adults with the metabolic syndrome | C: 40AT: 24 | C: 60AT: 76 | C: 10AT: 13 | C: 49.2AT: 49.2 | C: 32AT: 35.5 | C: 95.9AT: 101.7 |
| Irving et al. (49); 2009 | Obese adults with the metabolic syndrome | C: 40AT: 28 | C: 60AT: 72 | C: 10AT: 11 | C: 49.2AT: 49 | C: 32AT: 34.2 | C: 95.9AT: 97.7 |
| Irwin et al. (50); 2003 | Overweight postmenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 86CExT: 87 | C: 60.6CExT: 61 | C: 30.6CExT: 30.5 | C: 81.7CExT: 81.6 |
| Janssen et al. (51); 2002 | Obese premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 13AT: 11RT: 14 | C: 40.1AT: 37.5RT: 34.8 | C: 33.7AT: 36RT: 31.6 | C: 90.8AT: 99.9RT: 86.1 |
| Janssen and Ross (52); 1999 | Upper-body-obese men | 100 | 0 | C: 10AT: 10RT: 10 | C: 45.6AT: 47.4RT: 37.9 | C: 31.6AT: 33RT: 33.6 | C: 98.1AT: 101.9RT: 109.1 |
| Janssen and Ross (52); 1999 | Upper-body-obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 10AT: 10RT: 10 | C: 39.6AT: 39RT: 37.3 | C: 34.5AT: 35.5RT: 32.5 | C: 92.9AT: 98.3RT: 87.2 |
| Johnson et al. (53); 2009 | Obese sedentary | NR | NR | C: 7AT: 12 | C: 47.3AT: 49.1 | C: 31.1AT: 32.2 | C: 98.8AT: 94.4 |
| Kim et al. (73); 2008 | Women with metabolic syndrome | 0 | 100 | C: 10CExT: 10 | NR | C: 25.7CExT: 26.1 | C: 58.33CExT: 58.13 |
| Koo et al. (54); 2010 | Women with type 2 diabetes | 0 | 100 | C: 18AT: 13 | C: 57AT: 59 | C: 28.5AT: 25.5 | C: 66AT: 64 |
| Koo et al. (54); 2010 | Women with type 2 diabetes | 0 | 100 | C: 19AT: 14 | C: 57AT: 53 | C: 27.1AT: 29.4 | C: 67.4AT: 69.4 |
| Lee et al. (55); 2012 | Overweight or obese premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 7AT: 8 | C: 38.3AT: 41.6 | C: 27.3AT: 27.4 | C: 70.3AT: 67.3 |
| Lee et al. (55); 2012 | Overweight or obese premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 7AT: 7 | C: 38.3AT: 41.7 | C: 27.3AT: 25.4 | C: 70.3AT: 65.2 |
| McTiernan et al. (56); 2007 | Sedentary | 0 | 100 | C: 51AT: 49 | C: 53.7AT: 54.4 | C: 28.5AT: 28.9 | C: 77.9AT: 78 |
| McTiernan et al. (56); 2007 | Sedentary | 100 | 0 | C: 51AT: 51 | C: 56.6AT: 56.2 | C: 30.1AT: 29.7 | C: 97.4AT: 94.8 |
| Moghadasi et al. (57); 2012 | Sedentary overweight and obese men | 100 | 0 | C: 8AT: 8 | C: 41.18AT: 41.18 | C: 32.03AT: 32.08 | C: 90.47AT: 87.86 |
| Mourier et al. (58); 1997 | Non–insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) | NR | NR | C: 11AT: 10 | C: 46AT: 45 | C: 30.1AT: 30.4 | C: 84.4AT: 85.3 |
| Poehlman et al. (28); 2000 | Premenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 20AT: 14RT: 17 | C: 28AT: 29RT: 28 | C: 22AT: 22RT: 22 | C: 60AT: 59RT: 58 |
| Ryan et al. (59); 2011 | Patients with impaired glucose tolerance and obese postmenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 17AT: 16 | C: 65AT: 62 | C: 32.7AT: 34.8 | C: 84.4AT: 91.4 |
| Ryan et al. (59); 2011 | Obese postmenopausal women | 0 | 100 | C: 29AT: 33 | C: 60AT: 59 | C: 32.8AT: 30.6 | C: 88.3AT: 81.4 |
| Schmitz et al. (60); 2007 | Overweight and obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 67RT: 71 | C: 36RT: 36 | C: 29.4RT: 29.4 | C: 80.7RT: 81.6 |
| Schmitz et al. (60); 2007 | Overweight and obese women | 0 | 100 | C: 63RT: 70 | C: 36RT: 36 | C: 29.4RT: 29.4 | C: 80.7RT: 81.6 |
| Shojaee-Moradie et al. (61); 2007 | Sedentary healthy men | 100 | 0 | C: 7AT: 10 | C: 55AT: 47 | C: 27.6AT: 27.6 | C: 84.1AT: 87.4 |
| Sigal et al. (31); 2007 | Adults with type 2 diabetes | C: 65CExT: 62AT: 65RT: 62 | C: 35CExT: 38AT: 35RT: 38 | C: 63CExT: 64AT: 60RT: 63 | C: 54.8CExT: 53.5AT: 53.9RT: 54.7 | C: 35CExT: 35AT: 35.6RT: 34.1 | C: 101.3CExT: 101.9AT: 103.5RT: 99.1 |
| Slentz et al. (62); 2011 | Sedentary men and women | CExT: 43AT: 45RT: 42 | CExT: 57AT: 55RT: 58 | CExT: 44AT: 48RT: 52 | CExT: 46.9AT: 49.5RT: 49.7 | CExT: 30.7AT: 30.4RT: 30.5 | CExT: 90.4AT: 88.5RT: 88.6 |
| Slentz et al. (63); 2005 | Overweight or mildly obese with moderate lipid abnormalities | C:49AT:55 | C: 51AT: 45 | C: 47AT: 40 | C: 52.3AT: 54 | C: 29.8AT: 29.8 | NR |
| Slentz et al. (63); 2005 | Overweight or mildly obese with moderate lipid abnormalities | C: 49AT: 50 | C: 51AT: 50 | C: 47AT: 46 | C: 52.3AT: 53 | C: 29.8AT: 29.7 | NR |
| Slentz et al. (63); 2005 | Overweight or mildly obese with moderate lipid abnormalities | C: 49AT: 54 | C: 51AT: 46 | C:47AT:42 | C: 52.3AT: 51.5 | C: 29.8AT: 29.1 | NR |
| Sun et al. (64); 2018 | Healthy elderly men | 100 | 0 | C: 10AT: 10 | C: 69AT: 72 | C: 22.6AT: 22.7 | C: 61.6AT: 62.8 |
| Zhang et al. (65); 2017 | Obese young women | 0 | 100 | C: 13AT: 15 | C: 20.8AT: 20.9 | NR | C: 67.5AT: 68.5 |
| Zhang et al. (65); 2017 | Obese young women | 0 | 100 | C: 13AT: 15 | C: 20.8AT: 21.5 | NR | C: 67.5AT: 67.3 |
1
All data are reported as means. AT, aerobic training; C, controls; CExT, combined exercise training; NR, not reported; RT, resistance training.