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. 2019 Aug 28;13(5):842–854. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz095

Table 1.

Study characteristics for studies examining the relationship between cIMT and mortality/morbidity outcomes

Study Sample size Age (years) Female (%) CKD stage* DM (%) CVD (%) IMT (μm) Outcome Comparison Effect estimate (95% CI) Follow-up duration (months)
He et al. [15] 128 56 54 Hemodialysis 13.3 NA NA All-cause mortality
  • Continuous

  • (per 1 μm)

  • All-cause mortality

  • HR: 1.010 (1.002–1.217)

24
Hinderliter et al. [16] 198 61 47 Non-hemodialysis 26 42 1210 CV events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, heart failure and peripheral vascular disease)
  • IMT > 2.6 mm

  • IMT < 2.6 mm

  • CV events

  • HR: 2.75 (1.41–5.38)

29
Yu et al. [17] 145 55 45.5 Hemodialysis 11 13.7 NA
  • All-cause mortality

  • CV mortality

  • Continuous

  • (per 1 μm)

  • All-cause mortality

  • HR: 1.07 (0.89–1.29)

73
Karras et al. [18] 439 60 26 CKD Stage 3–5, not on dialysis 27 28 NA
  • All-cause mortality

  • CV events

  • (cardiac death and coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease and heart failure)

  • IMT >720 μm

  • IMT <720 μm

  • All-cause mortality

  • RR: 3.18 (1.08–9.39)

NA
Nakayama et al. [19] 133 NA 42 Hemodialysis 43 39 NA
  • CV events

  • (cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and ischemic heart disease)

  • Continuous

  • (per 1000 μm)

  • Adjusted CV events

  • HR: 1.83 (0.55–6.63) P = 0.33

49
Papagianni et al. [20] 112 59 46.4 Hemodialysis NA 34.8 NA
  • All-cause mortality

  • CV mortality

  • CV events

  • (arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and heart failure)

  • IMT >1 mm

  • IMT <1 mm

  • All-cause mortality

  • HR: 1.394 (0.896–2.169)

  • CV mortality

  • HR: 1.555 (0.883–2.736)

  • CV events

  • HR: 1.597 (1.061–2.403)

46
Zoungas et al. [25] 207 57 32 General CKD NA 72 NA
  • CV events

  • (cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, coronary revascularization and peripheral vascular

  • events)

  • Continuous

  • (per 1 μm)

  • CV events

  • HR: 1.01 (0.94–1.09)

60
London et al. [21] 78 54 30.7 Hemodialysis 8.9 0 800 ± 98 All-cause mortality
  • Continuous

  • (per 1 μm)

  • All-cause mortality

  • RR: 1.02 (1.01–1.04)

60
Kato et al. [22] 219 58 34.2 Hemodialysis 16 NA NA
  • All-cause mortality

  • CV mortality

  • Continuous

  • (per 100 μm)

  • All-cause mortality

  • RR: 1.44 (1.27–1.64); 1.31 (1.07–1.59)

  • CV mortality

  • RR: 1.45 (1.25–1.68); 1.41 (1.12–1.78)

60
Nishizawa et al. [23] 438 60 40 Hemodialysis 30 NA 980 ± 430 CV mortality
  • IMT >2.0 mm

  • IMT <2.0 mm

  • CV mortality

  • HR: 10.20 (3.67–28.31)

30
Benedetto et al. [24] 138 60 41 Hemodialysis 14 57 NA
  • All-cause mortality

  • CV mortality

  • Continuous

  • (per 100 μm)

  • All-cause mortality

  • HR: 1.17 (1.05–1.30)

  • CV mortality

  • HR: 1.24 (1.06–1.44)

30

DM, diabetes mellitus.