Table 3.
Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and insomnia identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis
| Total | Location | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wuhan | Outside Wuhan | |||||
| Cases/total (%) | OR (95% CI)a | Cases/total (%) | OR (95% CI)b | Cases/total (%) | OR (95% CI)b | |
| Depression | ||||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 77/431 (17.9) | Ref | 32/184 (17.4) | Ref | 45/247 (18.2) | Ref |
| Yes | 103/403 (25.9) | 1.48 (1.03, 2.11) | 54/190 (28.4) | 1.65 (0.95, 2.87) | 49/213 (23.0) | 1.36 (0.84, 2.2) |
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 162/785 (20.6) | Ref | 74/350 (21.1) | Ref | 88/435 (20.2) | Ref |
| Yes | 18/49 (36.7) | 2.66 (1.36, 5.22) | 12/24 (50.0) | 5.50 (2.11, 14.36) | 6/25 (24.0) | 1.34 (0.47, 3.78) |
| Deterioration of breast cancer | ||||||
| No | 37/359 (10.3) | Ref | 14/145 (9.7) | Ref | 23/214 (10.7) | Ref |
| Not sure | 107/399 (26.8) | 3.06 (2.00, 4.70) | 54/200 (27.0) | 3.24 (1.65, 6.35) | 53/199 (26.6) | 3.14 (1.77, 5.56) |
| Yes | 36/76 (47.4) | 7.41 (4.03, 13.61) | 18/29 (62.1) | 14.6 (5.3, 40.17) | 18/47 (38.8) | 5.07 (2.29, 11.21) |
| Affected treatment plan | ||||||
| No | 51/324 (15.7) | Ref | 22/139 (15.8) | Ref | 29/185 (15.7) | Ref |
| Yes | 129/510 (25.3) | 1.20 (1.81, 1.79) | 64/235 (27.2) | 1.50 (0.81, 2.77) | 65/275 (23.6) | 1.05 (0.61, 1.82) |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 53/431 (12.3) | Ref | 24/184 (13.0) | Ref | 29/247 (11.7) | Ref |
| Yes | 76/403 (18.9) | 1.58 (1.05, 2.37) | 42/190 (22.1) | 1.8 (0.99, 3.27) | 34/213 (16.0) | 1.39 (0.78, 2.49) |
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 113/785 (14.4) | Ref | 57/350 (16.3) | Ref | 56/435 (12.9) | Ref |
| Yes | 16/49 (32.7) | 3.86 (1.90, 7.86) | 9/24 (37.5) | 4.44 (1.63, 12.06) | 7/25 (28.0) | 3.80 (1.31, 11.03) |
| Deterioration of breast cancer | ||||||
| No | 26/359 (7.2) | Ref | 13/145 (9.0) | Ref | 13/214 (6.1) | Ref |
| Not sure | 75/399 (18.8) | 2.52 (1.53, 4.14) | 41/200 (20.5) | 2.26 (1.12, 4.57) | 34/199 (17.1) | 3.10 (1.50, 6.40) |
| Yes | 28/76 (36.8) | 5.98 (3.07, 11.66) | 12/29 (41.4) | 5.28 (1.9, 14.7) | 16/47 (34.0) | 6.54 (2.62, 16.29) |
| Affected treatment plan | ||||||
| No | 30/324 (9.3) | Ref | 15/139 (10.8) | Ref | 15/185 (8.1) | ref |
| Yes | 99/510 (19.4) | 1.68 (1.04, 2.70) | 51/235 (21.7) | 1.83 (0.93, 3.64) | 48/275 (17.5) | 1.44 (0.72, 2.89) |
| Insomnia | ||||||
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| No | 47/431 (10.9) | Ref | 16/184 (8.7) | Ref | 31/247 (12.6) | Ref |
| Yes | 76/403 (18.9) | 1.80 (1.19, 2.72) | 47/190 (24.7) | 3.34 (1.73, 6.43) | 29/213 (13.6) | 1.1 (0.62, 1.96) |
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 110/785 (14.0) | Ref | 54/350 (15.4) | Ref | 56/435 (12.9) | Ref |
| Yes | 13/49 (26.5) | 2.78 (1.32, 5.83) | 9/24 (37.5) | 4.99 (1.79, 13.92) | 4/25 (16.0) | 1.69 (0.5, 5.66) |
| Deterioration of breast cancer | ||||||
| No | 26/359 (7.2) | Ref | 10/145 (6.9) | Ref | 16/214 (7.5) | Ref |
| Not sure | 75/399 (18.8) | 2.67 (1.62, 4.38) | 42/200 (21.0) | 3.28 (1.51, 7.13) | 33/199 (16.6) | 2.35 (1.19, 4.65) |
| Yes | 22/76 (28.9) | 4.35 (2.18, 8.70) | 11/29 (37.9) | 6.90 (2.31, 20.63) | 11/47 (23.4) | 2.9 (1.15, 7.33) |
| Affected treatment plan | ||||||
| No | 33/324 (10.2) | Ref | 17/139 (12.2) | Ref | 16/185 (8.6) | Ref |
| Yes | 90/510 (17.6) | 1.36 (0.85, 2.17) | 46/235 (19.6) | 1.28 (0.64, 2.57) | 44/275 (16.0) | 1.46 (0.74, 2.88) |
aMultivariate analyses were adjusted for age, educational level, marital status, menstrual status, location, comorbidity, stage of breast cancer, living alone, deterioration of breast cancer, and affected treatment plan. Factors including location, age, educational level, menstrual status, marital status, and stage of breast cancer are not significantly associated with psychological distress symptoms and not shown in the table
bMultivariate analyses were adjusted for all the covariates included in the total population except location