Table 6.

Diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the jejunal mucosa of nursery pigs fed diets with increasing levels of whey permeate in exp. 2

	Whey permeate1, %							P-value
Item	0	3.75	7.50	11.25	15.00	18.75	SEM	Linear	Quad.	0% vs. others
Diversity
Chao1	97.4	132.2	104.2	103.2	107.0	92.1	21.4	0.569	0.543	0.663
Shannon	3.14	3.28	3.47	2.54	3.36	3.00	0.60	0.784	0.993	0.984
Simpson	0.69	0.69	0.76	0.63	0.76	0.73	0.08	0.678	0.920	0.774
Phylum level
Actinobacteria	5.65	4.21	5.97	5.23	6.24	5.28	0.91	0.595	0.934	0.753
Bacteroidetes	21.92	21.93	19.59	23.07	21.69	22.55	2.19	0.779	0.729	0.954
Firmicutes	31.39	25.64	33.15	26.65	28.13	30.04	5.05	0.498	0.537	0.598
Proteobacteria	17.11	17.75	17.71	15.63	18.3	21.06	2.49	0.363	0.366	0.722
F:B ratio	1.59	1.19	1.35	1.25	1.22	1.13	0.17	0.144	0.650	0.073
Family level
Acetobacteraceae	4.16	3.34	3.31	4.33	4.19	5.91	1.06	0.199	0.270	0.965
Bacillaceae	0.92	0.95	0.84	0.97	1.89	0.67	0.27	0.475	0.417	0.638
Bifidobacteriaceae	0.73	0.55	0.83	0.81	0.97	1.11	0.22	0.089	0.599	0.607
Clostridiaceae	2.20	1.31	1.66	2.11	2.58	1.27	0.47	0.922	0.695	0.375
Corynebacteriaceae	0.40	0.96	0.71	0.69	1.11	0.43	0.28	0.742	0.090	0.131
Enterobacteriaceae	1.04	0.66	0.62	0.49	0.51	0.52	0.20	0.091	0.266	0.036
Helicobacteraceae	8.37	9.11	6.47	9.02	7.62	7.31	2.63	0.723	0.990	0.862
Lachnospiraceae	4.85	4.09	4.27	4.79	4.79	2.69	1.09	0.341	0.660	0.480
Lactobacillaceae	6.94	7.03	12.66	12.81	9.19	8.82	1.48	0.182	0.010	0.052
Methylobacteriaceae	1.10	2.15	2.23	1.94	1.82	1.55	0.46	0.810	0.114	0.139
Prevotellaceae	7.25	7.99	7.08	7.08	6.68	6.73	4.75	0.298	0.586	0.772
Propionibacteriaceae	1.77	1.39	2.27	1.85	2.41	1.74	0.71	0.687	0.685	0.840
Rhodobacteraceae	5.92	2.61	2.64	3.08	4.35	5.83	1.19	0.609	0.015	0.101
Ruminococcaceae	2.44	2.20	1.75	2.43	2.42	0.98	0.61	0.271	0.488	0.476
Streptococcaceae	1.50	1.87	0.82	0.92	0.67	0.71	0.51	0.094	0.743	0.380

¹Treatments were the inclusion levels of whey permeate in the diets.