TABLE 3.
Associations between maternal diet, infant feeding practices, and ɑ-diversity of the milk microbiota1
| Chao1 index | Shannon index | |
|---|---|---|
| Model 1: overall maternal dietary intakes and infant feeding practices | ||
| Energy, kcal/d | 0.0033 (0.044) | −0.00012 (0.00013) |
| Dietary fat, % of energy/d | 0.41 (3.63) | 0.014 (0.011) |
| Total fiber, g/d | 2.47 (3.24) | 0.017 (0.0097) |
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding, n/d | 2.14 (7.80) | −0.01 (0.02) |
| Mixed feeds vs. human milk exclusivity | −3.85 (38.36) | −0.085 (0.11) |
| Model 2: subtypes of fat and fiber, g/d | ||
| Saturated fat | 3.29 (4.61) | −0.014 (0.014) |
| Polyunsaturated fat | 8.51 (5.99) | 0.036 (0.018)* |
| Monounsaturated fat | −3.03 (3.65) | −0.0081 (0.011) |
| Trans fat | −52.55 (38.42) | −0.028 (0.11) |
| Fiber from grains | 5.46 (4.50) | 0.027 (0.013)* |
1
Values are β estimates (SEs), n = 93. *P < 0.05. Associations were assessed via multivariable linear regression models (PROC MIXED; SAS Institute).