TABLE 3.

Results of random-effects meta-analyses for HbA1c, IL-6, and TNF-α

Outcome	n	Weighted mean difference (95% CI)	I2 % (95% CI)	References
HbA1c (%)	2	0.073 (−0.154, 0.300)	81 (18, 95)	(42, 43, 45)
IL-6 (pg/mL)	3	−0.166 (−0.715, 0.384)	69 (0, 91)	(47, 50, 51)
TNF-α (μg/mL)	2	−0.958 (−3.127, 1.211)	90 (64, 97)	(47, 50)

The meta-analyses assessed effects of consuming ≥ vs. <0.5 servings/day of total red meat on biomarkers of glycemic control and inflammation for adults ≥19 years old and free of cardiometabolic disease. The n column indicates the number of point estimate comparisons for each outcome. More than 1 article can correspond to the same randomized controlled trial if secondary or tertiary analyses were identified via our search, referenced in the original article, or provided by researchers.

Abbreviations: HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor aplha.