Table 1.
Risk factors for visual deterioration after observation or treatment
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors, crude OR > 5 | |||||
| Two or more visual symptoms at initial visual assessment: squint, abnormal visual behavior, proptosis, nystagmus, papilledema | 17.50 | (3.98–76.88) | 8.33 | (1.90–36.45) | 0.005 |
| Bilateral optic atrophy | 9.75 | (2.62–36.34) | 5.15 | (1.21–21.96) | 0.027 |
| Optic atrophy (unilateral + bilateral) | 6.91 | (2.39–19.95) | 3.76 | (1.13–12.53) | 0.031 |
| Severe/profound visual impairment (red) | 6.91 | (1.87–25.49) | 1.74 | (0.32–9.35) | 0.518 |
| Abnormal visual behavior | 6.50 | (2.12–19.94) | 4.15 | (1.20–14.34) | 0.025 |
| New onset visual symptoms | 6.16 | (2.16–17.54) | 4.04 | (1.26–12.95) | 0.019 |
| Risk factors, crude OR 3–5 | |||||
| Unilateral optic atrophy | 4.88 | (1.34–17.79) | 2.68 | (0.61–11.79) | 0.191 |
| Squint | 4.06 | (1.46–11.31) | 3.19 | (0.99–10.28) | 0.052 |
| Bilateral tumor involvement | 3.98 | (1.06–15.00) | 3.50 | (0.81–15.06) | 0.092 |
| Proptosis | 3.98 | (1.06–14.99) | 2.05 | (0.48–8.87) | 0.336 |
| Posterior involvement (PLAN 3/4) | 3.20 | (1.25–8.22) | 2.90 | (0.99–8.53) | 0.053 |
| Protective factors, crude OR < 0.5 | |||||
| NF1 screening with imaging | 0.36 | (0.14–0.93) | 0.77 | (0.25–2.34) | 0.638 |
* Summary of crude and adjusted odds ratios for variables reached P < 0.1 in univariate analysis (Supplementary Table 3), ranked by effect size. Adjusted for age (as continuous variable), sex, and management strategy in 3 groups.