TABLE 2.
Specific dietary intakes of the healthy mothers involved in the study1
| Dietary intakes2, 3 | Total sample (n = 120) | Cluster I (n = 44) | Cluster II (n = 76) | P value4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total protein, g/d | 116 ± 19 | 106 ± 15 | 122 ± 19 | <0.0001 |
| Animal protein, g/d | 66 ± 20 | 51 ± 17 | 74 ± 17 | <0.0001 |
| Plant protein, g/d | 47 ± 11 | 52 ± 11 | 44 ± 10 | <0.0001 |
| Lipids, g/d | 114 ± 16 | 102 ± 13 | 120 ± 13 | <0.0001 |
| SFAs | 24 ± 7.2 | 21 ± 4.8 | 26 ± 7.7 | <0.0001 |
| Trans fatty acids | 0.007 ± 0.01 | 0.005 ± 0.01 | 0.008 ± 0.01 | 0.009 |
| MUFAs | 46 ± 11.0 | 41 ± 10.0 | 50 ± 10.0 | <0.0001 |
| PUFAs | 17 ± 4.0 | 16 ± 2.9 | 18 ± 4.3 | 0.003 |
| n–6 CLA | 0.003 ± 0.01 | 0.003 ± 0.01 | 0.003 ± 0.01 | 0.57 |
| n–6 EDA | 0.007 ± 0.01 | 0.005 ± 0.01 | 0.008 ± 0.01 | 0.14 |
| n–3 ALA | 0.14 ± 0.1 | 0.15 ± 0.1 | 0.13 ± 0.1 | 0.34 |
| n–3 EPA | 0.17 ± 0.1 | 0.15 ± 0.1 | 0.19 ± 0.1 | 0.025 |
| n–3 DPA | 0.09 ± 0.1 | 0.08 ± 0.1 | 0.09 ± 0.1 | 0.10 |
| n–3 DHA | 0.41 ± 0.3 | 0.36 ± 0.2 | 0.44 ± 0.3 | 0.10 |
| Carbohydrates, g/d | 249 ± 40 | 285 ± 30 | 228 ± 28 | <0.0001 |
| Total dietary fiber, g/d | 36 ± 11 | 44 ± 11 | 32 ± 7.3 | <0.0001 |
| Insoluble dietary fiber, g/d | 22 ± 7.4 | 28 ± 6.7 | 19 ± 5.5 | <0.0001 |
| Soluble dietary fiber, g/d | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | <0.0001 |
| Starch, g/d | 29 ± 12 | 30 ± 12 | 29 ± 12 | 0.66 |
| Polyphenols, g/d | 1.8 ± 759 | 2.2 ± 941 | 1.5 ± 497 | <0.0001 |
| Folic acid, μg/d | 143 ± 142 | 197 ± 160 | 112 ± 120 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin A, mg/d | 1.37 ± 533 | 1.44 ± 528 | 1.33 ± 535 | 0.25 |
| Vitamin B-6, mg/d | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 0.001 |
| Vitamin B-12, μg/d | 7.8 ± 3.1 | 7.3 ± 3.1 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 0.13 |
| Vitamin C, mg/d | 156 ± 71 | 192 ± 73 | 134 ± 61 | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin D, μg/d | 103 ± 82 | 89 ± 67 | 112 ± 89 | 0.15 |
| Vitamin E, mg/d | 13 ± 5.0 | 12 ± 3.9 | 13 ± 4.8 | 0.34 |
| Iron, mg/d | 21 ± 4.9 | 22 ± 5.6 | 20 ± 4.3 | 0.08 |
| Calcium, g/d | 1.17 ± 277 | 1.14 ± 272 | 1.20 ± 279 | 0.28 |
| Selenium, μg/d | 161 ± 29 | 154 ± 30 | 165 ± 28 | 0.05 |
| Sodium, g/d | 2.5 ± 587 | 2.5 ± 596 | 2.5 ± 585 | 0.95 |
| Magnesium, mg/d | 566 ± 148 | 589 ± 118 | 553 ± 161 | 0.20 |
| Manganese, mg/d | 6.7 ± 1.7 | 7.6 ± 1.8 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | <0.0001 |
| Zinc, mg/d | 14 ± 2.8 | 15 ± 3.5 | 14 ± 2.4 | 0.17 |
1
n–3 ALA, ω-3 α-linolenic acid; n–6 CLA, ω-6 conjugated linoleic acid; n–3 DPA, ω-3 docosapentaenoic acid; n–6 EDA, ω-6 eicosadienoic acid.
2
Numerical data expressed as mean ± SD.
3
Diets were standardized by total energy intake to 2500 kcal/d.
4
Student t test was performed to assess the significance of the differences in the dietary intakes between clusters section in numerical variables and categorical variables, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.