TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Cohort Based on Their Status of AKI on Follow‐up
| Characteristic | Total (n = 2013) | No AKI During the Follow‐up Period (n = 1,573) | Had AKI During the Follow‐up Period (n = 440) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 50 ± 11 | 49 ± 11 | 50 ± 11 | 0.36 |
| Gender (males) | 1,619 (80.4) | 1,251 (79.5) | 368 (83.6) | 0.05 |
| Etiology | <0.0001 | |||
| Alcohol | 772 (38.4) | 578 (36.8) | 194 (44.1) | |
| Viral | 604 (30.0) | 453 (28.8) | 151 (34.3) | |
| Others | 637 (31.6) | 542 (34.5) | 95 (21.6) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 171 (8.5) | 108 (6.9) | 63 (14.3) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 24 (1.2) | 12 (0.8) | 12 (2.7) | <0.0018 |
| BMI category (kg/m2) | 0.86 | |||
| <18.5 | 98 (4.9) | 74 (4.7) | 24 (5.5) | |
| 18.5‐25 | 844 (41.9) | 662 (42.1) | 182 (41.4) | |
| 25‐30 | 698 (34.7) | 549 (34.9) | 149 (33.9) | |
| ≥30 | 373 (18.5) | 288 (18.3) | 85 (19.3) | |
| MELD | 14 ± 6 | 13 ± 6 | 16 ± 6 | <0.0001 |
| CTP | 8 ± 2 | 8 ± 2 | 9 ± 2 | <0.0001 |
| Ascites | <0.0001 | |||
| No ascites | 306 (15.2) | 251 (15.9) | 55 (12.5) | |
| Grade 1 | 980 (48.7) | 805 (51.2) | 175 (39.8) | |
| Grade 2 and 3 | 727 (36.1) | 517 (32.9) | 210 (47.7) | |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 93±55 | 94±57 | 86±47 | 0.003 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 75 ± 10 | 75 ± 10 | 76 ± 11 | 0.16 |
| Esophageal varices | 0.24 | |||
| No varices | 16 (0.8) | 12 (0.8) | 4 (0.9) | |
| Esophageal varices | 1,962 (97.5) | 1,537 (97.7) | 425 (96.6) | |
| Isolated gastric varix | 8 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Esophageal and gastric varices | 27 (1.3) | 17 (1.1) | 10 (2.3) | |
| Grade of esophageal varices (n = 1,992) | 0.59 | |||
| Small | 828 (41.1) | 638 (40.6) | 190 (43.2) | |
| Large | 1,164 (57.8) | 918 (58.4) | 246 (55.9) | |
| Prior variceal bleed | 963 (47.8) | 701 (44.6) | 262 (59.6) | <0.0001 |
| Beta‐blockers | 893 (44.4) | 679 (43.2) | 214 (48.6) | 0.04 |
| HVPG (mm Hg) | 16±5 | 15.±5 | 17±6 | <0.0001 |
| SVRI (dyns/cm5/m2) | 2,292 ± 810 | 2,498 ± 709 | 1,555 ± 716 | <0.0001 |
| PVRI (dyns/cm5/m2) | 127 ± 88 | 132 ± 90 | 109 ± 78 | <0.0001 |
| CRDI (L/min/m2) | 3.7 ± 1.4 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | <0.0001 |
| Leucocyte counts (×103/m3) | 7.5 ± 5.1 | 7.2 ± 4.8 | 8.5 ± 5.9 | <0.0001 |
| Serum bilirubin (mg/dL) | 7.2 ± 9.8 | 6.3 ± 9.1 | 10.1 ± 11.7 | <0.0001 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 2.9 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| INR | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.54 ± 0.40 | 1.77 ± 0.56 | <0.0001 |
| Serum creatinine at enrollment (mg/dL) | 0.57 ± 0.28 | 0.57 ± 0.25 | 0.58 ± 0.38 | 0.74 |
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 134 ± 5.8 | 135 ± 5.5 | 132 ± 6.5 | <0.0001 |
| Prior AKI | 249 (12.4) | 135 (8.6) | 114 (25.9) | <0.001 |
| Urine for albumin | ||||
| Absent | 1,267 (62.9) | 1,064 (67.6) | 203 (46.1) | <0.001 |
| Trace or 1+ | 662 (32.9) | 471 (29.9) | 191 (43.4) | |
| 2+ | 61 (3) | 33 (2.1) | 28 (6.4) | |
| 3+ or 4+ | 23 (1.1) | 5 (0.3) | 18 (4.1) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; INR, international normalized ratio.