Table 1.

General characteristics of study participants and detailed prevalence of iron deficiency

Variable	Categories	Total (%)	Iron deficiency (%)	No-iron deficiency (%)	p-value
Age (Years)	Mean (95% CI)	65.4(63.0–67.8)	66.6(63.2–70)	64.3(59.6–69)	0.463
BMI (Kg/m2)	Mean (95% CI)	33.1(32.0–34.1)	34.1(32.8–35.1)	32.1(30.5–33.6)	0.06
Gender	Male	60.37	42.70	57.3	0.205
	Female	39.63	56.50	43.50
Educational status	Less than high school	19.09	51.59	48.41	0.597
	High school or GED	36.93	48.58	51.42
	Some college or Associate degree	34.79	40.95	59.05
	College degree and above	9.20	66.75	33.25
Ethnicity	Hispanic	7.84	34.22	65.78	0.310
	Non-Hispanic black	14.90	34.87	65.13
	Non-Hispanic white	69.82	54.15	45.85
	Others	7.44	33.38	66.62
Marital status	Never married	09.14	20.74	79.26	0.194
	Married or living with partner	51.97	48.58	51.42
	Divorced or separated	21.60	59.32	40.68
	Widowed	17.29	47.53	52.47
Place of Birth	USA	93.67	48.31	51.69	0.885
	Non USA	06.33	46.06	53.94
Health Insurance	Yes	98.03	19.35	80.65	0.304
	No	1.97	48.75	51.52
Poverty index ratio	Below 1	17.64	52.36	47.64
	1 to 3	40.22	50.42	49.58	0.841
	3 and above	42.14	45.51	54.49
					0.100
Smoking	Yes	15.79	63.23	36.77
	No	84.21	45.35	54.65
Diabetes	Yes	49.85	61.03	38.97	0.022
	No	50.15	35.38	62.52
Chronic Kidney disease	Yes	55.69	50.99	49.01	0.611
	No	44.31	44.63	55.37
Anemia	Yes	12.08	47.45	52.55	0.938
	No	87.92	48.27	51.73
Hemoglobin		13.9(13.5–14.2)	13.6(13.2–14.0)	14.2(13.6–14.7)	0.107