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. 2021 Feb 1;16(2):e0245886. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245886

Table 2. Results from negative binomial model (NBM) regression method.

Part D a,b Walk Bicycle Motorcycle Car alone Car shared
Male | Female -.068 ± .025** -.050 ± .025* -.048 ± .025ns .020 ± .026ns .012 ± .024ns
Education 1 | 6 .269 ± .300ns .459 ± .300ns .384 ± .302ns .399 ± .312ns .114 ± .298ns
Education 2 | 6 .203 ± .120ns .346 ± .120** .291 ± .121* .556 ± .121*** .050 ± .118ns
Education 3 | 6 .129 ± .052* .088 ± .053ns .065 ± .053ns .130 ± .055* .048 ± .050ns
Education 4 | 6 .058 ± .043ns .043 ± .044ns .064 ± .044ns .122 ± .046** .015 ± .042ns
Education 5 | 6 .020 ± .044ns .043 ± .045ns .042 ± .046ns .074 ± .047ns .049 ± .043ns
Age -.005 ± .001*** -.005 ± .001*** -.005 ± .001*** -.006 ± .001*** -.004 ± .001**
Gini .008 ± .002*** .010 ± .002*** .013 ± .002*** .013 ± .002*** .004 ± .002**
Deaths -.005 ± .001*** -.004 ± .001*** -.005 ± .001*** -.005 ± .001*** -.003 ± .001**
Density .000 ± .0001** .000 ± .0001*** .001 ± .0001*** .001 ± .0001*** .000 ± .0001ns
WFH -.008 ± .003** -.011 ± .003*** -.019 ± .001*** -.009 ± .003** -.019 ± .003***
Bus Metro/Tram Train Airplane
Male | Female -.038 ± .023ns -.040 ± .027ns -.040 ± .025ns -.036 ± .024ns
Education 1 | 6 -.211 ± .298ns -.284 ± .340ns -.138 ± .307ns -.180 ± .308ns
Education 2 | 6 -.232 ± .117* -.271 ± .125* -.152 ± .119ns -.198 ± .119ns
Education 3 | 6 -.016 ± .049ns -.068 ± .056ns -.023 ± .051ns -.020 ± .050ns
Education 4 | 6 -.033 ± .040ns -.059 ± .046ns -.046 ± .043ns -.036 ± .042ns
Education 5 | 6 -.010 ± .041ns -.018 ± .047ns -.008 ± .044ns .002 ± .043ns
Age -.002 ± .001ns -.001 ± .001ns -.001 ± .001ns .000 ± .001ns
Gini .006 ± .002*** .005 ± .002** .007 ± .002*** .004 ± .002**
Deaths .000 ± .001ns .002 ± .001* .001 ± .001ns .001 ± .001ns
Density .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns
WFH -.008 ± .003** .001 ± .003ns -.003 ± .003ns .004 ± .003ns
Part E a b Walk Bicycle Motorcycle Car alone Car shared
Male | Female -.033 ± .026ns -.046 ± .027ns -.042 ± .027ns -.035 ± .026ns -.001 ± .026ns
Education 1 | 6 -.093 ± .303ns .125 ± .321ns -.225 ± .346ns .095 ± .309ns -.048 ± .323ns
Education 2 | 6 .066 ± .120ns .061 ± .121ns .124 ± .120ns .028 ± .123ns .003 ± .120ns
Education 3 | 6 .037 ± .055ns .023 ± .055ns .014 ± .056ns .017 ± .056ns .033 ± .054ns
Education 4 | 6 -.017 ± .046ns -.010 ± .047ns -.007 ± .047ns -.004 ± .047ns -.018 ± .045ns
Education 5 | 6 .003 ± .047ns .009 ± .047ns .001 ± .048ns .012 ± .048ns .013 ± .047ns
Age .001 ± .001ns .001 ± .001ns .001 ± .001ns .001 ± .001ns -.001 ± .001ns
Gini -.004 ± .002* -.003 ± .002ns .002 ± .002ns -.002 ± .002ns -.001 ± .002***
Deaths .000 ± .001ns .000 ± .001ns .000 ± .001ns .001 ± .001ns -.001 ± .001ns
Density .000 ± .001ns .000± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001* .000 ± .0001ns
WFH -.001 ± .001ns .001 ± .003ns -.001 ± .003ns .001 ± .001ns -.009 ± .003***
Bus Metro/Tram Train Airplane
Male | Female .019 ± .024ns .004 ± .029ns .009 ± .026ns .007 ± .026ns
Education 1 | 6 -.292 ± .317ns -.038 ± .309ns -.254 ± .314ns -.264 ± .325ns
Education 2 | 6 -.051 ± .118ns -.121 ± .125ns -.084 ± .120ns -.159 ± .121ns
Education 3 | 6 .006 ± .051ns -.061 ± .060ns -.017 ± .055ns -.023 ± .053ns
Education 4 | 6 -.043 ± .043ns -.053 ± .050ns -.055 ± .046ns -.069 ± .044ns
Education 5 | 6 .014 ± .044ns .009 ± .052ns .008 ± .047ns .002 ± .045ns
Age -.002 ± .001ns -.001 ± .001ns -.002 ± .001ns -.002 ± .001ns
Gini -.003 ± .002ns .000 ± .002ns .000 ± .002ns .001 ± .002*
Deaths -.002 ± .001** -.003 ± .001** -.003 ± .001** .004 ± .001***
Density .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns .000 ± .0001ns
WFH -.008 ± .003** .001 ± .004ns -.005 ± .003ns -.005 ± .003ns
Part F a,b In the region In the country In the world
Male | Female -.001 ± .027ns -.052 ± .026* -.067 ± .025*
Education 1 | 6 .306 ± .324ns .242 ± .318ns .055 ± .313ns
Education 2 | 6 .291 ± .127* .253± .125* -.015 ± .124ns
Education 3 | 6 .050 ± .055ns .079 ± .054ns -.019 ± .052ns
Education 4 | 6 -.020 ± .046ns -.038 ± .045ns -.057 ± .043ns
Education 5 | 6 .001 ± .047ns -.012 ± .046ns -.031 ± .044ns
Age .005 ± .001*** .004 ± .001** -.001 ± .001ns
Gini .001 ± .002ns .001 ± .002ns -.004 ± .002*
Deaths .005 ± .001*** .005 ± .001*** .001 ± .001ns
Density .000 ± .0001** .000 ± .0001*** .000 ± .0001***
WFH -.006 ± .003* -.004 ± .003ns .004 ± .003ns

aSuperscripts are ns = non-significant

* = p < .05

** = p < .01

*** = p < .001.

bAbbreviations are “Education 1” = Primary school, “Education 2” = Middle school, “Education 3” = High school, “Education 4” = BSc, “Education 5” = MSc, “Education 6” = PhD.

Parameters estimates, standard deviation and statistical significance (B ± S.E.a) for the responses to perceived probability of contracting COVID-19 (Part D), perceived effectiveness of curbing COVID-19 (Part E) and perceived time needed by the transportation sector to completely recover (Part F).