Figure 4.
Bias in example 1 when conditioning on a mediator (adjusted) and when omitting a mediator (unadjusted), when the mediator is caused by an unmeasured confounder. See main text for details.
Bias in example 1 when conditioning on a mediator (adjusted) and when omitting a mediator (unadjusted), when the mediator is caused by an unmeasured confounder. See main text for details.