Table 1.
Clinical characteristics according to different lumbar T-score cutoff points (normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) of the 80 hemodialysis patients.
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 80) | Normal (n = 51) | Osteopenia (n = 19) | Osteoporosis (n = 10) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 66.93 ± 10.27 | 64.71 ± 10.10 | 70.11 ± 9.95 | 72.20 ± 9.00 | 0.031∗ |
| Hemodialysis duration (months) | 57.66 (23.82–122.34) | 56.88 (19.44–114.96) | 81.00 (34.44–145.20) | 47.58 (15.72–164.61) | 0.484 |
| Height (cm) | 159.74 ± 8.28 | 161.80 ± 7.80 | 156.47 ± 7.18† | 155.40 ± 9.63 | 0.010∗ |
| Body weight (kg) | 64.13 ± 14.55 | 67.95 ± 14.32 | 60.41 ± 10.13 | 51.75 ± 15.15‡ | 0.002∗ |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.99 ± 4.66 | 25.88 ± 4.78 | 24.64 ± 3.76 | 21.12 ± 3.77‡ | 0.010∗ |
| Lumbar bone mineral density (g/cm2) | 0.95 ± 0.20 | 1.07 ± 0.14 | 0.80 ± 0.06† | 0.65 ± 0.05‡,a | <0.001∗ |
| Lumbar T-score | −0.51 ± 1.60 | 0.45 ± 1.10 | −1.73 ± 0.44† | −3.03 ± 0.38‡,a | <0.001∗ |
| Lumbar Z-score | 0.57 ± 1.06 | 1.08 ± 0.76 | 0.08 ± 0.61† | −1.09 ± 0.87‡,a | <0.001∗ |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.60 ± 24.37 | 140.72 ± 24.56 | 132.16 ± 21.27 | 124.00 ± 25.36 | 0.091 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.23 ± 13.78 | 73.35 ± 15.10 | 71.16 ± 9.67 | 66.30 ± 11.14 | 0.124 |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | 4.10 (3.90–4.40) | 4.10 (3.90–4.40) | 4.10 (4.00–4.10) | 4.20 (3.68–5.25) | 0.630 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 58.74 ± 14.47 | 57.71 ± 13.65 | 61.00 ± 10.11 | 59.70 ± 16.30 | 0.687 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 9.22 ± 1.79 | 9.49 ± 1.81 | 8.78 ± 1.67 | 8.65 ± 1.98 | 0.186 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 83.86 ± 29.95 | 78.65 ± 27.50 | 84.42 ± 29.87 | 109.40 ± 31.74‡ | 0.010∗ |
| Total calcium (mg/dL) | 8.96 ± 0.78 | 8.91 ± 0.77 | 9.15 ± 0.82 | 8.96 ± 0.78 | 0.464 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 4.62 ± 1.21 | 4.71 ± 1.13 | 4.67 ± 1.25 | 4.07 ± 1.54 | 0.310 |
| Intact parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) | 225.72 ± 182.18 | 208.59 ± 178.27 | 266.92 ± 185.17 | 234.84 ± 202.18 | 0.491 |
| Irisin (ng/mL) | 39.99 (12.51–105.84) | 54.92 (17.46–161.30) | 34.19 (12.99–56.16)† | 3.01 (1.52–9.03)‡,a | <0.001∗ |
| Urea reduction rate | 0.73 ± 0.04 | 0.72 ± 0.04 | 0.75 ± 0.04† | 0.75 ± 0.04 | 0.018∗ |
| Kt/V (Gotch) | 1.33 ± 0.17 | 1.29 ± 0.16 | 1.40 ± 0.16 | 1.41 ± 0.18 | 0.020∗ |
| Female, n (%) | 39 (48.8) | 17 (33.3) | 15 (78.9) | 7 (70.0) | 0.001∗ |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 33 (41.3) | 25 (49.0) | 6 (31.6) | 2 (20.0) | 0.145 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 35 (43.8) | 24 (47.1) | 7 (36.8) | 4 (40.0) | 0.722 |
Values for continuous variables given as means ± standard deviation and test by one-way analysis of variance; variables not normally distributed given as medians and interquartile range and test by Kruskal–Wallis analysis. ∗P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant after the Kruskal–Wallis analysis or one-way analysis of variance.†Compared with the normal group and osteopenia group, ‡compared with normal group and osteoporosis group, and acompared with osteopenia group and osteoporosis group was and <0.05 considered statistically significant after Dunn's multiple comparison test or post hoc Bonferroni test. Kt/V, fractional clearance index for urea.