Table 1. Anthropometric data, lung function, saccharine transport test, and pack/years of the groups evaluated.
| Total ( n = 418) | Control ( n = 128) | Current smokers ( n = 175) | Passive smokers ( n = 30) | COPD current smokers ( n = 11) | COPD ex-smokers ( n = 74) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (M/F) | 220/198 | 52/76 | 80/95 | 9/21 | 9/2 | 48/26 | < 0.01 |
| Age (years) | 48 [38–59] | 43 [36–48] | 47 [36–55] | 42.5 [35.75–50] | 59 [50–64] | 67 [60.75–73.25] | < 0.01 c.d.g.h.i |
| -Weight (kg) | 72.15 [61.15–82.8] | 73.05 [60.4–84] | 73 [62–83.2] | 76.35 [65.75–94.25] | 69.50 [64.6–72.7] | 67.55 [59.18–78.83] | 0.04 i |
| Height (m) | 1.65 [1.57–1.72] | 1.65 [1.59–1.72] | 1.66 [1.57–1.72] | 1.66 [1.56–1.74] | 1.67 [1.55–1.73] | 1.65 [1.55–1.69] | 0.53 |
| BMI (Kg/m 2 ) | 26.13 [23.19–29.43] | 26.48 [23.12–29.42] | 26.05 [23.59–29.78] | 27.53 [24.54–32.09] | 24.34 [21.72–27.7] | 24.79 [21.8–28.48] | 0.05 |
| FVC (% predict) | 94.85 ± 17.88 | 103.1 ± 13.45 | 97.51 ± 12.88 | 95.71 ± 16.4 | 90.33 ± 29.27 | 74.58 ± 18.29 | < 0.01 a.d.g.i.j |
| FEV 1 (% predict) | 88.86 ± 23.01 | 101.4 ± 12.37 | 96.41 ± 12.3 | 93.41 ± 14.9 | 67.96 ± 24.02 | 50.52 ± 15.92 | < 0.01 a.b.c.d.f.g.h.i.j |
| FEV 1 /FVC (%) | 80.6 [72.9–83.93] | 82.15 [78.5–85] | 82.20 [79.2–84.1] | 81.65 [76.73–85.23] | 61.1 [55.3–67.2] | 52.60 [43.98–61.35] | < 0.01 c.d.f.g.h.i |
| STT (minutes) | 10.48 [6.83–16.33] | 8.52 [5.54–13.91] | 10.87 [7.29–17] | 12.07 [9.37–19.39] | 16.47 [8.25–20.15] | 10.83 [7.85–15.85] | < 0.01 a.b |
| Pack/years† | 24.4 [15–41] | 24 [15–40] | 50 [18–80] | 0.02* | |||
| COex (ppm)‡ | 7.64 ± 5.52 | 8.33 ± 5.34 | 2.5 ± 3.02 | 10.55 ± 5.83 | < 0.01 e,h |
Abbreviations: COex, carbon monoxide in exhaled air; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; F, female; FEV 1 , forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; M, male; ppm, parts per million; STT, saccharin transport test.
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j: statistical differences detected in the post-hoc (a: Control versus Current smokers, b: Control versus Passive smokers, c: Control versus COPD smokers; d: Control versus COPD ex-smokers, e: Current smokers versus p assive smokers, f: Current smokers versus COPD current smokers, g: Current smokers versus COPD ex-smokers, h: Passive smokers versus COPD current smokers, i: Passive smokers versus COPD ex-smokers, j: COPD current smokers versus COPD ex-smokers).
* statistical difference detected in the comparison between current smokers and COPD current smokers groups.
†:for this variable the sample n was 186 (contemplating the groups of current smokers).
‡: for this variable the sample n was 216 (contemplating the groups of current and passive smokers).
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [25–75] in parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively.