Table 5.

Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with DRD Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Hospitals in Southwest Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 321)

Variables	Diabetes Distress		OR with 95% CI		P-value
	Not Distressed	Distressed	Crude	Adjusted
Age					0.06
18–29	39(12.1)	21(6.4)	0.65(0.33–1.30)	1.2(0.46–2.23)
30–39	58(18.1)	25(7.8)	0.52(0.28–0.30)	0.72(0.35–1.47)
40–49	60(18.7)	34(10.6)	0.7(0.37–1.25)	0.94(0.49–1.99)
50+	46(14.3)	38(11.8)	1	1
Level of education					0.003
Primary school	92(28.7)	37(21.5)	7.25(2.12–24.77)	4.55(1.28–16.19) **
Secondary school	55(17.1)	37(11.5)	6.5(1.84–22.91)	3.86(1. 4–14.36) *
Diploma	27(8.4)	9(2.9)	3.22(0.78–13.170)	2.46(1.56–10.76) *
Degree and above	29(9.0)	3(0.9)	1
Family/social support					0.04
Yes	136(42.4)	56(17.4)	0.44(0.28–0.70)	0.62(0.33–1.06) *
No	67(20.9)	62(19.4)	1	1
Duration with diabetes					0.047
≤2	59(18.4)	31(9.7)	0.44(0.23–0.81)	0.75(0.35–1.55) *
3–4	61(19.0)	16(5.0)	0.22(0.10–0.44)	0.35(0.16–0.83) *
5–9	48(15.0)	29(9.0)	0.5(0.26–0.95)	0.65(0.32–1.33) *
10+	35(10.9)	42(13.1)	1	1
Having diabetes complications					0.031
Yes	26(8.1)	33(10.3)	2.64(1.48–4.70)	1.98(1–3.86) *
No	177(55.1)	85(26.5)	1	1
Smoking status					0.01
Yes	30(9.3)	38 (11.8)	2.74(1.58–4.73)	1.6(1.12–2.97) *
No	173(53.9)	80(25.0)	1	1
Taking alcohol					0.045
Yes	53(16.6)	29(9.0)	2.1(1.26–3.50)	1.4(1.07–2.53) *
No	150(46.7)	77(27.8)	1	1
SBP (mmHg)					0.067
Normal (<120)	32(10.0)	17(5.3)	0.6(0.4–2.53)	0.09(0.03–2.52)
Pre-hypertension (120–130)	143(44.5)	87(27.1)	0.2(0.12–2.44)	0.25(0.15–2.6)
Hypertension (≥140)	28(8.7)	14(4.4)	1	1
BMI (kg/m2)					0.054
Normal (18.5–24.9)	125(38.9)	80(24.9)	0.2(0.5–3.3)	0.97(0.31–3.05)
Overweight (25–29.9)	64(19.9)	31(9.7)	0.96(0.35–2.64)	0.81(0.25–2.60)
Obese (≥30)	14(4.4)	7(2.2)	1	1

Notes: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.