Table 2.
Factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis
| Meningitis % (n/N) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 0–9 | 0.5 (12/2574) | 0.923 (0.461–1.847) | 0.821 | |
| 10–19 | 0.5 (20/4306) | 0.718 (0.398–1.292) | 0.269 | |
| 20–29 | 0.8 (37/4695) | 1.239 (0.750–2.049) | 0.403 | |
| 30–39 | 0.7 (29/4196) | Reference | ||
| 40–49 | 0.5 (26/4818) | 0.849 (0.493–1.464) | 0.557 | |
| 50–59 | 0.6 (38/6285) | 1.041 (0.631–1.716) | 0.876 | |
| 60–69 | 0.5 (47/10,394) | 0.765 (0.473–1.239) | 0.277 | |
| 70–79 | 0.4 (46/12,181) | 0.797 (0.489–1.297) | 0.360 | |
| Over 80 | 0.3 (29/10,941) | 0.749 (0.436–1.286) | 0.294 | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 0.5 (221/41,334) | 1.472 (1.102–1.965) | 0.009 | |
| Female | 0.3 (63/19,056) | Reference | ||
| Past medical history | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| (+) | 0.4 (25/5672) | 1.134 (0.735–1.750) | 0.571 | |
| (−) | 0.5 (259/54,718) | Reference | ||
| Dialysis | ||||
| (+) | 0.3 (3/861) | 0.925 (0.290–2.959) | 0.896 | |
| (−) | 0.5 (281/59,529) | Reference | ||
| Type of trauma | ||||
| Single TBI | 0.4 (223/50,975) | Reference | ||
| Multiple trauma | 0.6 (61/9415) | 1.415 (1.054–1.900) | 0.021 | |
| Type of skull fracture | ||||
| Skull fracture | ||||
| (+) | 0.8 (108/14,085) | 1.163 (0.900–1.504) | 0.249 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (176/46,305) | Reference | ||
| Basilar skull fracture | ||||
| (+) | 1.2 (99/8388) | 1.651 (1.178–2.314) | 0.004 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (185/52,002) | Reference | ||
| CSF leakage | ||||
| (+) | 2.7 (54/2033) | 3.328 (2.205–5.022) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (230/58,127) | Reference | ||
| Burr hole surgery in ED | ||||
| (+) | 3.3 (49/1468) | 2.158 (1.401–3.325) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (235/58,922) | Reference | ||
| First neurosurgical operation | ||||
| Craniotomy | ||||
| (+) | 1.8 (125/7128) | 4.629 (3.087–6.942) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.3 (159/53,262) | Reference | ||
| Burr hole surgery | ||||
| (+) | 1.9 (54/2910) | 2.259 (1.449–3.523) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (230/57,480) | Reference | ||
| Procedures performed during the first neurosurgical operation | ||||
| Evacuation of hematoma | ||||
| (+) | 1.6 (134/8262) | 0.792 (0.528–1.188) | 0.260 | |
| (−) | 0.3 (150/52,128) | Reference | ||
| Decompressive craniectomy | ||||
| (+) | 3.4 (84/2495) | 2.123 (1.506–2.993) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.3 (200/57,895) | Reference | ||
| Lobectomy | ||||
| (+) | 2.9 (12/416) | 0.871 (0.460–1.651) | 0.673 | |
| (−) | 0.5 (272/59,974) | Reference | ||
| Duraplasty | ||||
| (+) | 2.6 (7/267) | 0.871 (0.384–1.975) | 0.740 | |
| (−) | 0.5 (477/60,123) | Reference | ||
| Cranioplasty | ||||
| (+) | 2.1 (9/437) | 1.284 (0.619–2.663) | 0.502 | |
| (−) | 0.5 (275/59,953) | Reference | ||
| External ventricular drainage | ||||
| (+) | 3.6 (28/786) | 1.843 (1.157–2.935) | 0.010 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (256/59,604) | Reference | ||
| Repeat surgical procedure performed within 48 h of first surgery | ||||
| Craniotomy | ||||
| (+) | 4.6 (43/928) | 3.193 (2.137–4.769) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.4 (241/59,462) | Reference | ||
| Burr hole surgery | ||||
| (+) | 5.1 (12/235) | 4.222 (2.194–8.124) | < 0.001 | |
| (−) | 0.5 (272/60,155) | Reference | ||
TBI traumatic brain injury, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, ED emergency department, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval